論九O年代大陸「考研熱」與研究生教育之走向

On the Developmetn of Graduate School Education in the 1990s in the Chinese Mainland: Regarding Fierce Enrollment Competition

王瑞琦(Jueichi Wang)

《中國大陸研究》 42卷5期 (1999/05) Pp. 85-105

https://doi.org/10.30389/MCS.199905_42(5).0001

摘要

在八O年代中共高等教育政策中，大陸的研究生教育一直處於陪襯的位置，至八O年代末，還因大環境的影響，報考人數急速萎縮。九O年代初，中共加大市場經濟和人才市場的改革。寬鬆的人力資源政策扭轉了人才市場的走向，學歷、學效名聲更漸受到重視，研究所畢業生就業行情大漲，研究所至招生考試的人數亦質年躍升，形成了「考研熱」。本文研究發現，「考研熱」在推動九O年代大陸研究生教育發展的同時，亦反映了其「文憑教育」的走向。

關鍵字

大陸高教；研究生教育；研究所招考；人才市場

並列摘要

Since launching economic reforms in the early 1980s, Beijing it has spared no efforts to develop higher education in the Chinese mainland. Nonetheless, the focus has remained on two-year college and four-year undergraduate education; graduate school education had seldom been placed in prominent position. In the late 1980s, graduate schools, affected by unfavorable economic and political conditions, suffered a drastic drop of enrollment. It was not until Deng Xiaoping reaffirmed the market economy in his 1992 southern tour of the Chinese mainland, under the surging demand for professionals in the job market, has higher level of educational background started gaining respect. A graduate with a master’s or doctoral degree has come into demand in the job market. To continue advanced study in graduate school has become a major route for vast university graduates-to-be. Over the past year, the fierce competition in the entrance examination for graduate schools has been a hot topic in the Chinese mainland. In this “fever”, one sees the potential of the market for graduate school education, but at the same time the innate danger of the overemphasis on diplomas.

並列關鍵字

Mainland China's higher education ； graduate school education ； graduate school enrollment ； job market for talented people

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