蘇南溫洲產權模式中的重要變項以Susan Whiting 的盡著為討論核心

Exchange Structure and Property-Rights Patterns in Sunan and Wenzhou

方孝謙(Shiaw-Chian Fong)

《中國大陸研究》 45卷4期 (2002/07) Pp. 1-14

https://doi.org/10.30389/MCS.200207_45(4).0001

摘要

在二OO一年的近住中，政治學者Susan Whiting以「新制度論」觀點解決了九O年代以來，蘇南及溫洲所進行的程度不等，內容迥異的企業產權政制運動。本文的目的是要從理論與經濟兩方面，論證Whiting的分析架構因為欠缺〈地方官員與企業主互動的〉「交換結構」這一新制度論大師Douglass NOrth 所強調的重要變項，以致於在分析溫洲的改制經驗方面，無法解釋為什麼溫洲官員自始至終支持私營企業；以及企雖然宣稱採用股份合作制，卻是以兼併為主要改制手段的事實。而在分析當地官員與企業經理互動的情況，則以「交換結構」可以倒過來增強Whiting架構的解識力。

關鍵字

交換結構；股份合作制；產權；新制度論；路徑依賴

並列摘要

In her recent work, Susan Whiting argues that the 1990s property-rights reforms undertaken in south Jiangsu (or Sunan for short) and Wenzhou con be explained in terms of a neo-institutional framework. Comparing her analytic grid with that of Douglass North’s, we find that North’s key notion of “exchange structure” (between local officials and entrepreneurs) is unwittingly ignored. This causes difficulties in Whiting’s explanation of the happenings in both Sunan and Wenzhou. In the case of Wenzhou, she offers no account of the fact that local officials had been supporting private enterprises long before the reform began and that, in the name of the cooperative shareholding schemes, Wenzhou actually practiced merger as the chief means of the reform. In the case of Sunan, we provide our fieldwork information to argue that, were Whiting looking into the details of the interaction between local official and entrepreneurs, this understanding would enhance the explanability of her framework.

並列關鍵字

Exchange Structure ； New Institutionalism ； Path Dependence ； Property Rights ； Shareholding Cooperative

參考文獻

Bramall, C.(1990).Market Forces in China, Competition and Small Business: The Wenzhou Debate.London:Zed Books.

Fong, S. C.(2001).China Rising: Implications of Economic and Military Growth in the PRC.Taipei:Institute of International Relations, National Chengchi University.

North, D. C.(1984).Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance.Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.

Whiting, S. H.(1999).Property Rights and Economic Reform in China.Stanford, CA:Stanford University Press.

Whiting, S. H.(2001).Power and Wealth in Rural China: The Political Economy of Institutional Change.New York:Cambridge University Press.