評析中國大陸水資源短缺問題及中共的對策

Water Shortages in China and the Responding Policies Adopted by the Communist Government

熊自健(Tzu-Chien Hsiung)

《中國大陸研究》 46卷3期 (2003/05) Pp. 63-78

摘要

中國大陸是世界上水資源嚴重短缺的國家，對其生存與發展構成了相當大的桃戰。中國大陸水資源的分布極不均衡，南多北少，東多西少，如何有效調配與管理中國大陸水資源，以解決水資源短缺問題，成為中國大陸一項重大國策。中共當局極為重視中國大陸水資源短缺的嚴峻形勢，探討造成中國大陸水資源短缺的各項因素，如水資源配置不當、管理鬆散、閉發過度、灌溉方式粗放、環境污染、水資源浪費箏，並提出修訂「水法」、進行南水北調、雄行節水政策與措施、保護水源、調整水價等對策，以解決水資源短缺問題，維持水資源可持續利用。

關鍵字

水資源 ； 水法 ； 南水北調 ； 節水政策 ； 水市場

並列摘要

Mainland China is a country that suffers one of the severest water shortages in the world. This problem has become a great challenge to China’s survival and further development. The distribution of water resources in China is very uneven, with abundance in the South and East and scarcity in the North and West. The efficient distribution and effective management of water resources to solve the shortage problems has become a priority in national policy making. Chinese Communist authorities place great emphasis on this challenge and hope to uncover the various factors leading to the shortages, including inequitable distribution of water, lax management, over-development, inefficient irrigation system, environmental pollution, and waste of resources. A new amendment on water law has been proposed to promote the transfer of water from the South to the North, as well as to encourage water saving policies and devices, and to protect water resources. All these steps are aimed at solving water shortage problems and to pursue sustainable use.

並列關鍵字

water resources ； water law ； transfer of water from South to North ； policies on water saving ； water market

參考文獻

李瑞環(2000)。十五大以來重要文獻選編上。北京:人民出版社。

李鵬(2001)。十五大以來重要文獻選編中。北京:人民出版社。

曹錦清(2000)。黃河邊的中國。上海:上海文藝出版社。

陳茂山 、 張范(2002)。中國公共政策分析2002年卷。北京:中國社會科學出版社。

潘家華(1997)。持續發展途徑的經濟學分析。北京:中國人民大學出版社。