透過您的圖書館登入
IP:52.14.126.74
  • 期刊

在治理改革中走向民主:浙江溫嶺鄉鎮人大參與式預算之個案研究

From Governance Reform to Democratic Reform?-A Case Study of the Participatory Budget Reform at the People's Congress of Wenling Township of Zhejiang Province in China

摘要


中國近年來有許多新興的公共治理徑驗,其中最有民主意涵且受到最多國內外關注的,厥為浙江省台州市溫嶺的「參與式預算」改革。本文擬籍對此案例的研究,來回答一個更大的問題,即在中國目前的環境下,具民主意涵的治理改革是否及如何可能?什麼是其出現的條件,其維持的動力又可能來自何方? 本文引用了三種制度論(歷史制度論、社會學制度論、及理性選擇制度論)來觀察X鎮的案例。本文發現,三種制度論都可以被用來解釋制度創發後的現象。譬如,參與式預算的制度創發後產生了利益的博弈,博弈後又產生了參與者對此制度的路徑依賴,也產生新的社會網絡,並回頭形成了當地的政治文化,形成某種社會符號的意義,這些都會對往後的制度變遷產生影響。但三種制度論對於制度一開始如何產生卻都顯得有其不足之處。本文研究發現,X鎮之所以出現這樣一個案例具有相當的偶然性,在一開始既非由政治菁英自上而下推動,亦非社會力量自下而上街撞,而是由某些被本文稱為「政治企業家」(political entrepreneur)的人物在地方奔走串連推動而成。 然而,一旦此一制度出現後,便成為一個可進行利益博弈的「局」,各方力量便進入此局進行博弈,並且形成了一個多次博弈的局面,因而各方力量在此達致某種利益交換的均衡。一旦如此,這個「參與式預算」的制度便具有其自身內在的可持續生命力,因而不再是一個短暫的現象。

並列摘要


There are many new models of public governance emerged in recent years in China. One of the cases with democratic implications that have received most attention is the ”participatory budget reform” in Wenling, Zhejiang. This paper intends to respond to a larger theoretical question by examining this case. The larger question is: How is any reform with democratic implications possible under current circumstances in China? What are the conditions that contribute to such reform, and where do the dynamisms that create such reform come from? This paper applies three schools of institutionalism to examine the case (historical, sociological, and rational institutionalism). This paper finds that all three institutionalisms are applicable in explaining how the institution of ”participatory budget reform” evolves once it was established. However, they all appear to be insufficient in explaining how the institution emerged from the very beginning. The paper finds that a group of ”political entrepreneurs” played important roles in making possible the emergence of this institution. They mobilize political resources and explore possibility under the constraints of existing political institutions. However, once the institution has taken place, the institution allows various social groups and villages to form a ”game” so that they can bargain among themselves to seek a balance of their multiple interests. Once the equilibrium is reached within such a game, the institution can obtain an internal balance, and the institution becomes no longer a temporary reform.

參考文獻


「哈市參與式預算實驗創造獨特的哈爾濱模式」,大連日報,2009年6月4日,http://www.hellonavi.com/news/ShowNews.php?PHPSESSID=&id=189238
「關於開展預算初審民主懇談•加強鎮級預算審查監督的指導意見」,世界與中國研究所,2010年7月19日,http://www.world-china.org/newsdetail.asp?newsid=3147
牛美麗(2007)。預算民主懇談:民主治理的挑戰與機遇—新河預算民主懇談案例研究。華中師範大學學報。1,19-25。
馬駿編、林尚立編(2007)。國家治理與公共預算。上海:中國財政經濟出版社。
王晉,「河南焦作探路『陽光財政』,讓百姓參與預算全過程」,中國經濟網,2009年12月21日,http://big5.ce.cn/gate/big5/district.ce.cn/zg/200912/21/t20091221_20661530.shtml

被引用紀錄


梁鈞淳(2016)。後社會主義中國基層治理的細碎化變革—以廈門海滄新城社區的網格化管理為例〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201603042
蔡佳君(2014)。國民年金制度中納保對象變遷之研究-漸進式制度論觀點〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.10408
吳冠瑩(2014)。中共公務員考核制度中激勵因素研究 ─歷史制度論的分析〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.01817
吳建忠(2011)。中國大陸鄉鎮人大改革的邏輯──以浙江溫嶺市新河鎮「參與式預算」為例〔博士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-1610201315233235

延伸閱讀