以SD雄鼠模式評估巴西蘑菇餵食毒性

Toxicological Evaluation of Agaricus Blazei Murrill Extract in Male SD Rats

周秀真(Hsiu-Chen Chou) ； 吳銘芳(Ming-Fang Wu) ； 施勇綸(Yung-Luen Shih) ； 李慶孝(Ching-Hsiao Lee) ； 洪小芳(Hsiao-Fang Hung) ； 鍾雪玉(Hsueh-Yu Chung) ； 呂岱融(Tai-Jung Lu) ； 周育如(Yu-Ru Chou) ； 呂旭峰(Hsu-Feng Lu) ； 廖年捷(Nien-Chieh Liao)

《Journal of Biomedical & Laboratory Sciences》 25卷4期 (2013/12) Pp. 129-137

摘要

近百年來，就如同人類的食物與飲料般，蘑菇被認為是人類食物的營養品，最後更演變成醫療用途。目前各種不同品種的蘑菇其某些重要具療效的成分先後被鑑別出。某些研究指出磨菇或其萃取物具抗腫瘤、抗病毒、抗發炎、降血糖與血脂以及減壓效果。在這些蘑菇當中以巴西蘑菇為最令人感興趣。雖然巴西蘑菇具無數療效，但在食品安全性卻缺乏。本研究將7週齡雄性SD大鼠40隻分成四組，每組10隻，四組包括控制組、低劑量組（15mg／Kg）、中劑量組（50mg／Kg）與高劑量組（250mg／Kg）。以分組劑量各別連續28天口服餵食，觀察其亞急性毒性反應。28天連續投與終了後，所有動物先以眼窩採血實施血液學檢查，再利用心臟採血實施生化學檢查，並觀察H&E染色切片標本。動物飼料用量大致正常，動物外觀非常正常，未觀察到動物有任何虛弱的表現，動物體重持續穩定增加中，從實驗開始到結束都沒有動物死亡。給予巴西蘑菇的實驗組在血液學檢查方面，經與對照組相較，隨著服用劑量的增強，雄鼠之白血球計數、紅血球計數、血色素含量、血小板計數，四組之間均未見到明顯的變化。再就生化檢查，隨著給予劑量的增強，所有生化標記皆不具有意義增加或減少，例外的是雄鼠之鹼性磷酸酶與肌酸酐，會隨著治療劑量的增加而減少。就病理組織學的檢查。實驗組經肝切片結果顯示中央靜脈血管無充血現象，肝細胞亦無與發炎有關的囊腫或壞死殘片。實驗組腎臟腎元之腎小管與腎小球排列正常。脾臟即使經由高濃度劑量餵食，脾臟的紅白髓區均正常大小，所有實驗與對照組之脾臟皆無中毒特徵。由此推論，巴西蘑菇膠囊高、中、低劑量皆未觀察到有任何肝、腎、脾、心、睪丸、副睪具顯著病變。因此雄性SD大鼠投予試驗物質「巴西蘑菇膠囊」在250mg／kg可當成「不造成任何不良副作用的劑量」（No Observed Adverse Effect Level，NOAEL）。

關鍵字

巴西蘑菇 ； 不造成任何不良副作用的劑量

並列摘要

For many centuries, mushrooms were used as nutrients in the human diet, as agents of fermentation in the production of food and drink, and finally as medicine. Some of important components in a variety of different species of mushrooms had been identified and proven efficacy currently. Interest in the use of Agaricus blazei Murrill (ABM) and/or their extracts as dietary supplements has increased significantly, in part because of studies that have confirmed their antitumor, anticarcinogenic, antiviral, antiinflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, and antihypertensive effects. Although the ABM is with numerous benefits, the food safety assessment is absent. Male SD rats were randomized and allocated into control (group 1) and experimental (second to fourth groups) groups of ten animals each. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were orally administered low (15 mg/Kg), medium (50 mg/Kg) or high (250 mg/Kg) doses of ABM daily and separately for 28 days to observe the subacute toxicology. At the end of the 28-day period, the CBC samples were collected via orbital bleeding and biochemistry test were collected via cardiac puncture. Histopathological examinations by H&E stain were performed for the kidney, liver and spleen. The overall feed consumption of animals receiving ABM was not statistically significantly different from that of the control groups. There were no mortalities nor emaciation during the course of study. Weekly mean body weight and body weight gain for all groups that consumed ABM were comparable to the control values. WBC, RBC, Hb and platelet counts were not altered by exposure to the three different doses of ABM. Rats treated with increasing doses of ABM did not show any elevation or decrease of serum markers except alkaline phosphatase and creatinine, which were decreasing. Histopathological examination of liver sections from rats treated with different concentrations of ABM revealed nonsignificant hepatocellular necrosis in centrilobular regions, without any signs of vascular or inflammatory changes. Normal histology of the glomerulus and tubules was found in kidney tissue of mice that received control, and ABM treatment. These was no micronodular lymphoid infiltrate located in white pulp, nor variable red pulp infiltration, marginal zone differentiation, or follicular replacement by neoplastic cells in spleen. There were no significant changes in the liver, kidney, spleen, heart, testes and epididymis visually. These results suggest that the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the extract for male SD rats is considered to be 250 mg/kg/day.

並列關鍵字

Agaricus blazei Murill ； No Observed Adverse Effect Level