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台灣與美國精神病患繪圖內容及色彩意義之比較
Comparison of Color Meaning and Content of Drawings by Taiwanese & USA Psychiatric Patients
摘要
本篇採用兩種標準化繪圖測驗－“人－樹－房子測驗”及“家庭動態繪圖測驗”，以及彩色繪圖測驗（非標準化），來比較32位台灣的及56位美國的精神疾患在繪圖內容及其賦予色彩之意義的差異性。任何一種顏色或現象出現比例達團體人數之50%或以上即被視為具文化意義。結果發現：在顏色方面，台灣的精神疾患大多採用紅色表達正向或愉快的情緒（達總人數的53%）；而美國精神疾患則僅有27%的人如此，而且有34%的人更用紅色表達憤怒或緊張。另外，台灣的女性疾患是唯一有50%以上的人採用黑色來表達負向或不愉快情緒的團體。所以，紅色與黑色在表達情緒方面是最具有文化差異的兩種顏色。此外，建筑物與衣著之描繪都發現與文化背景有關。在家庭動態圖中台灣病患比美國病患有較多人將吃（飯）、看電視或清掃繪為全家人一起進行的活動；其中，台灣畫全家看電視的比例高達57%。其他如受試者描繪之交通工具及家具、建物之形狀亦呈現出文化之特色。本研究之結果可提高治療人員對於病患之文化背景的敏感度，並引導進一步研究之方向。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
Herein are reported the findings of a research study comparing content and associated meanings of colors in the art of 32 Taiwanese and 56 USA Psychiatric patients. Two standardized tests (the Kinetic House Tree Person and Kinetic Family Drawing Assessment) and one non standardized color drawing were used. A 50% occurrence rate was considered to be an indicator that a feature was of cultural significance. It was found that the Taiwanese psychiatric patients tended to use red to express pleasant or positive emotions (53%), but only 27% of the American psychiatric patients did so. On the other hand, there were 34% American patients use red to express their negative feelings, such as anger and tense. Taiwanese fomales were the only group that designated black as a negative color 50% of the time. Details of architecture and clothing identifiable with the cultures were found. Vehicles and Shapes also reflected different cultural characteristics. In Kinetic Family Drawing, Taiwanese patients had larger percontages of subjects who showed watching TV, dining/eating and cleaning as a family activity than the American patients. The results of this study remind therapists to be more sensitive to a patient's heritage and how it may be expressed. The images and meanings discussed here may give direction for further studies.