精神醫療職能治療人力資源及服務之探討

A Study of Psychiatric Occupational Therapy Staffing and Its Influence on Mental Health Service

褚增輝(Tsang-Fai Chu) ； 黃曼聰(Mannt-Tsong Hwang)

《職能治療學會雜誌》 15卷 (1997/09) Pp. 33-43

https://doi.org/10.6594/JTOTA.1997.15.04

摘要

本研究旨在探討台灣地區精神醫療院所職能治療人力及服務現況，統計自民國83年8月至11月止，以問卷方式調查55家設有職能治療之精神醫療機構，問卷由各機構相關人員填寫，資料採用SPSS統計分析。結果精神科總病床數13,564床（含日間留院），職能治療人員共計244名。民81-83年因應精神醫療的發展，職能治療機構增加17個，人員增加83名，成長率達三成。分析人口學資料：男96名(39%)、女148名(61%)，平均年齡33.18歲，完成職能治療大學以上學業者75名（佔31%），其他大專畢者81名(33%)及高中畢者88名(36%)。工作年資平均5.9年，薪資平均三萬餘元，人員分佈於臺北市、縣109名（佔45%）最多。各級醫院之員額與床數比率在1/15~1/161床之間。每位治療者平均接案16.7人，各院因人力多寡差異，使住院病人接受職能治療達7%~80%之間，平均28%。顯示人力不足將影響病人接受治療之權益。專業發展面臨問題如：民眾及政府對專業不瞭解、社區復健資源不足、治療收費不符成本、人力不足、缺少專業地位等項。在教育資源方面：已增為五所大學，每年新招生180名，在校生506人，畢業生558人。綜觀我國醫療與社會福利政策，未來將需要更多職能治療人員參與。

關鍵字

精神科職能治療 ； 職能治療師 ； 人力

並列摘要

This study reports on service development and staffing Issues for occupational therapy services in psychiatric institutes in Taiwan, from August, 1994 to November, 1994. Occupational therapy services were provided by 244 occupational therapy personnel in 55 psychiatric institutes, with 13,564 beds in total (Including day-care beds). Due to the recent expansion of psychiatric services, 17 psychiatric institutes have been set up in the past three years, employing 83 additional occupational therapy practitioners, which accounted for one third of the total growth. Demographically, there were 96(39%) male and 148(61%) female occupational therapists. In terms of educational backgrounds, 75(31%) occupational therapists were professionally educated; 81(33%) had a college dioloma, and 88 (36%) a high school diploma. The average length of practicing experience was 5.9 years and the average monthly salary was 33,034 new Taiwan Dollars. One hundred and nine (45%) of the total occupational therapy practitioners were working in the Taipei metropolitan area, indicating an uneven distribution of therapist staffing. There were evident differences in therapist-patient ratio among these psychiatric institutes, ranging from 1:15 to 1:161. Although therapist's average case loading was 15.7per day, only 28% patients (ranging from 7% to 80%) in these psychiatric institutes received occupational therapy services. Clearly, insufficient therapist staffing levels could affect the right of patients to receive adequate treatment services. Several problems were perceived as obstructive to the profession's development: lack of understanding and support by the society and government, insufficient resources for community rehabilitation, services charge not in proportion to cost, insufficient therapist staffing levels, lack of respect for therapists as professionals, low salary, and lack of opportunities for continuing-education. Currently, there are five undergraduate occupational therapy programs, recruiting 180 students annually, with 506 students enrolled and 558 graduates. There will be more therapist staff joining the profession.

並列關鍵字

psychiatric occupational therapy ； occupational therapist ； manpower