自閉症幼兒的日常職能活動之參與及表現

The Participation and Performance of Daily Occupation of Young Children with Autism

羅鈞令(Jin-Ling Lo) ； 謝雅琳(Ya-Lin Hsieh)

《職能治療學會雜誌》 27卷1期 (2009/07) Pp. 10-22

https://doi.org/10.6594/JTOTA.2009.27(1).02

摘要

幼兒透過參與日常職能活動促使其潛能的發展，並從中逐漸獲得各種生活適應技巧。然而自閉症幼兒可能受到其自閉症特質的影響，以致無法參與活動或參與品質不佳，進而影響其發展。本研究的目的即為探究自閉症幼兒的日常職能活動的參與情形，一共訪談了六位自閉症幼兒的家長，訪談過程全程錄音並製成逐字稿，再進行整理、分析。
結果發現自閉症幼兒的活動類型和一般孩童類似，但他們的活動參與及表現有下列特點，包括口語表達少、語意不清或不恰當，而直接行動；較少參與需臨場反應或與人互動的活動；常有不合時宜的表現或作為；不知危險、不會注意安全；固執、缺乏彈性；呆板、缺少變化；注意細節而忽略整體；注意物件而忽略他人；活動持續度過短或過長；以及活動表現不穩定等。作者並根據自閉症的臨床表現，對此結果進行討論。本研究結果，有助於照顧者與相關專業人員瞭解自閉症幼兒的職能參與及表現，進而能夠提供適當的協助，幫助幼兒參與職能活動，而其潛能也得以有更好的發展。

關鍵字

自閉症 ； 職能參與 ； 職能表現

並列摘要

Children develop their potentials and acquire living skills through participating daily occupations. However, the occupational participation and performance of children with autism might be hindered by their specific symptoms, and this would further influence their development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the participation of daily occupations of children with autism. Parents of six children with autism were interviewed. The verbatim transcripts of the audio-taped interviews were analyzed in detail.
The results showed that the types of daily occupation of children with autism were similar to those of typical children. However, the following distinct features were found in their occupational participation and performance: less use of verbal expression, unclear or incorrect semantics; less participation of activities that needed prompt response or spontaneous interpersonal interaction; frequent inappropriate or awkward behavior; carelessness and under-alertness of danger; high persistence and lack of flexibility; being ritual and lack of variation; tending to focus on details instead of the whole; being more interested in objects than in human; short on task behavior or indulgence in certain activities; and fluctuating task performance.
The results of this study were discussed as related to the clinical symptoms of children with autism. This study can help the caregivers and health professionals to better understand the occupational participation and performance of children with autism. With the information, the caregivers and professionals may be more able to provide appropriate assistance to these children to promote their participation in daily occupations so that their potentials can be better developed.

並列關鍵字

autism ； occupational participation ； occupational performance