自閉症孩童母親的職能經驗與主觀安適感之探討

The Occupational Experiences and Subjective Well-Being of Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

謝雅琳(Ya-Lin Hsieh) ； 羅鈞令(Jin-Ling Lo)

《職能治療學會雜誌》 28卷2期 (2010/12) Pp. 46-58

https://doi.org/10.6594/JTOTA.2010.28(2).04

摘要

自閉症孩童母親因為其孩童的特質，而有不同於一般孩童母親的日常職能經驗。她們可能因缺乏休息、有較多挫折和不愉快的經驗，進而影響其主觀安適感。本研究的主要目的即是探討自閉症孩童母親的職能經驗和主觀安適感與一般孩童母親之異同。
於大台北地區之醫療院所與發展中心徵求育有2~6歲之自閉症孩童母親40位，另於幼稚園徵求育有年齡與自閉症孩童相配對之一般孩童母親40位。所有母親以填寫每日紀錄的方式，記下自己一週的職能(occupation)，並同時記錄參與職能時感受到的生產性、充電性和愉悅性經驗的程度。再以「正向與負向情緒量表」，以及「生活滿意度量表」評估母親的主觀安適感，並用獨立t檢定比較兩組母親職能經驗與主觀安適感的差異。
研究結果顯示，相較於一般孩童母親，自閉症孩童母親的充電性和愉悅性經驗較低，主觀安適感亦較差。然而整體來說，自閉症孩童母親充電性和愉悅性經驗的平均值均大於量表中間值，主觀安適感之正向情緒較負向情緒高，顯示母親有自我調適的能力。然而，並非每位母親都有很好的調適。本研究結果提醒健康相關專業人員留意自閉症孩童母親的職能經驗與主觀安適感，以提供母親必要的支持與協助。

關鍵字

職能經驗 ； 主觀安適感 ； 自閉症 ； 母親

並列摘要

Mothers of children with autism may have different occupational experience from mothers of typical children due to their children's unique characteristics. They may lack of rest and experience more frustration and unpleasant affection than mothers of typical children, so their subjective well-being (SWB) may be affected. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of occupational experiences and the SWB between mothers of children with autism and mothers of typical children.
Forty mothers with a child who aged between 2~6 and was diagnosed with autism were recruited from the rehabilitation department of hospitals or developmental centers in Taipei area. Another forty mothers with a typical child of the same age range were recruited as a comparison group. All the mothers recorded their daily occupations with a diary-log for one week and rated the levels of productivity, restoration and pleasure they experienced during each occupation. The mothers' SWB levels were then measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The daily occupational experiences and SWB levels of the two groups of mothers were compared by using independent t tests.
The results showed that, compared with the mothers of typical children, mothers of children with autism experienced less restoration and pleasure in their daily occupations, and their levels of SWB were also lower. However, the average restoration and pleasure experience of mothers of children with autism was greater than neutral. As to the subjective well-being, their positive affect were greater than their negative affect. These results indicated that the mothers had adapted to the situation. However, not all the mothers adapted well. The results of this study informed the health care professionals' to concern the occupational experiences and the SWB of mothers of children with autism and to provide necessary support and assistance to them.

並列關鍵字

occupational experience ； subjective well-being ； autism ； mother