臺灣老人住宿式機構之職能治療服務現況

The Current Situation of Occupational Therapy Services in Residential Institutions for the Elderly in Taiwan

范馨文(Hsin-Wen Fan) ； 呂文賢(Wen-Shian Lu) ； 毛慧芬(Hui-Fen Mao)

《職能治療學會雜誌》 38卷2期 (2020/12) Pp. 183-206

https://doi.org/10.6594/JTOTA.202012_38(2).0003

摘要

背景：老人與長期照顧議題是臺灣重要政策。老人住宿式機構是長照服務的一種選擇，職能治療是機構中的專業團隊成員之一。然而，近十年來對於台灣老人住宿式機構的職能治療服務情況並不清楚。目的：探討臺灣老人長照住宿式機構的職能治療聘用情況、服務內容，並探討機構的特性是否與職能治療人員之聘用有關。方法：針對全台登記之老人住宿式機構，共聯繫1584家機構，主要透過寄送自製問卷的方式蒐集資料，以描述性統計概述職能治療人員聘用情況、聘用與否之原因及服務內容等；以卡方檢定，探討聘用職能治療人員之機構特性。結果：回收之有效資料共552家（回收率34.8%），其中161家（29.2%）聘有全／兼職職能治療人員，有391家（70.8%）老人住宿式機構沒有聘用職能治療人員。護理之家、公立機構、非獨立型態與北部地區，顯著較可能聘任職能治療人員。機構願意聘用的主要原因為提高住民生活品質，而不願意聘用的原因為成本考量、已有其他專業人員。結論：職能治療專業需努力在現行法規制度上爭取人員規範及給付，並應積極凸顯職能治療專業在住宿式機構的功能角色，強調以復能為導向，才可能增加職能治療在機構服務的機會，提升住民生活品質。

關鍵字

老人住宿式機構 ； 長期照顧 ； 人力 ； 職能治療

並列摘要

Background: Elderly and long-term care issues are important policies in Taiwan. The residential institution is one option for long-term care services. Occupational therapy (OT) is part of the professional team in institutions. However, it is not clear about the OT services provided in residential institutions in Taiwan in the past ten years. Objectives: To investigate the employment situation of occupational therapists and the services they provided in residential institutions for the elderly, and to explore the factors associated with the employment of occupational therapists in Taiwan. Methods: Data were collected by mailing questionnaires to 1,584 residential institutions registered in Taiwan. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the employment situation of occupational therapists, the services they provided, and the reasons for their employment/lack of employment. The relationship between institutional characteristics and the employment of occupational therapists was investigated via x^2 analysis. Results: A total of 552 residential institutions replied (response rate: 34.8%). Among them, only 161 (29.2%) institutions employed full-time or part-time occupational therapists and 391 (70.8%) institutions did not have OT services. Different characteristics was noted between institutions that employed occupational therapists and those not. Residential institutions tended to hire occupational therapists to enhance the quality of care, and they tended to not hire occupational therapists due to cost considerations and the employment of other professionals. Conclusions: It is important for the OT profession to advocate for the functional role of OT in residential institutions to increase the willingness of institutions to employ occupational therapists and thus to improve the quality of care.

並列關鍵字

Elderly Residential Institutions ； Long-term Care ； Manpower ； Occupational Therapy