學齡前發展遲緩兒童家長對其孩童身體活動行為之相關因子探討

Parental Factors Associated With Physical Activity in Preschool Children With Developmental Delay

黃懿民(Yi-Min Huang) ； 蔡翰霆(Han-Ting Tsai) ； 劉潔心(Chieh-Hsing Liu)

《職能治療學會雜誌》 40卷2期 (2022/12) Pp. 156-189

https://doi.org/10.6594/JTOTA.202212_40(2).0001

摘要

本研究目的為探討學齡前發展遲緩兒童身體活動之現況與家長對於其孩童在身體活動行為的相關因素，並運用PRECEDE-PROCEED模式中「教育評估和生態評估」的階段將相關因素進一步分析為促進因子與障礙因子，瞭解學齡前發展遲緩兒童之家長在前傾（家長對身體活動之覺知、態度）、增強（親職支持、專業人員資訊性支持）、使能因素（環境及安全性）上如何促進或阻礙其孩童身體活動之行為。隨機抽樣選取臺北市進行早期療育的醫療院所之孩童（N＝304），並以結構式問卷調查學齡前發展遲緩兒童的家長對孩童在身體活動上各層面因素。研究結果顯示臺灣學齡前發展遲緩兒童平均一天的身體活動時間僅43.09分鐘，而家長對身體活動的覺知、親職支持、親職效能以及是否有專家提供建議以及家長本身的身體活動時間、孩童靜態遊戲時間能夠有效預測學齡前發展遲緩兒童R^2＝.282）。為了能夠提升學齡前發展遲緩兒童的身體活動時間，本研究建議：（1）提升家長在孩童身體活動重要之相關知能，（2）專業人員應加強將身體活動融入日常的相關建議及衛教，（3）政府應設立臺灣學齡前身體活動的相關指引，其中也應包含學齡前發展遲緩兒童知相關建議，及（4）政府應加強在遊戲空間提供適切且通用設計之共融設施。

關鍵字

學齡前兒童 ； 發展遲緩 ； 身體活動 ； 家長覺知 ； PRECEDE-PROCEED

並列摘要

This study aims to determine the parental facilitators and barriers that influence physical activity in preschool children with developmental delay. This cross-sectional study used the stage of ＂Education Assessment and Ecological Assessment＂ in the PRECEDE-PROCEED model to develop a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 3 aspects: parental, social support, and policy. Researchers used questionnaires to survey the parents of preschool children with developmental delay in Taipei city (N=304) . The results indicated that preschool children with developmental delay spent an average of 43.09 minutes in physical activity. Multiple regression analysis revealed that parents' perceptions of physical activity, parental support, parental efficacy, professional advice, physical activity of parents significantly predicted the time spent in physical activity of preschool children with developmental delays (R^2=.282) . This study suggests (1) educating parents on the benefits and knowledge of physical activity, (2) emphasizing professional advice for the importance of integrating physical activity into daily life, (3) establishing the policy of physical activity guidelines for preschoolers in Taiwan, including recommendations for children with developmental delays, and (4) constructing policy about appropriate and inclusive facilities in the playground to improve the time spent in physical activity for children with developmental delay.

並列關鍵字

Developmental Delays ； Parental Perception ； Physical Activity ； PREDEDE-PROCEED Model ； Preschool