治療性超音波的物理基礎治療機轉及臨床應用

Basic Physics, Mechanisms and Clinical Applications of Therapeutic Ultrasound

吳毓敏(Yuh-Miin Wu)

《中華民國物理治療學會雜誌》 13卷 (1988/09) Pp. 92-103

https://doi.org/10.29616/JPTAROC.198809.0014

摘要

治療性超音波是指利用超音波的物理特性，使組織因溫度變化及機械性應力，而引起一連串的生理變化，以促進受損組識的修補及恢復，其主要應用的物理原理乃是晶體經壓電作用，產生外形上之改變而引起機械性振動，經由介質而將聲能傳遞出去。至於超音波於組織上穿透之深度與其頻率有關，頻率愈高穿透力愈低，故依受損組識之深度，選擇適當之頻率，常用的是1 MHz及3 HMz。至於波型選擇，依治療所需是熱效應或非熱效應，又有連續波及脈衡波兩種波型之選擇，連續性波含蓋熱效應及非熱效應，脈衝波主要是應用其非溫度效應，故於急性期以脈衝波治療為宜。超音波的非溫度性效應主要包括聲波流的形成、空泡現象及駐波之產生，適當強度的超音波可引起治療性的聲波流及穩定性空泡產生，有利於組識之修補；過強的超音波反而會產生對組織有害的崩陷性空泡及駐波形成，所以於臨床應用上需特注意強度之控制，以期發揮超音波之最大效用。

並列摘要

Ultrasound is a from of wavemotion beyond the audible frequency (above 20 KHz). The ultrasounic energy is acoustic energy. It has been used widely as a therapeutic modality in physical therapy. Therapeutic ultrasound relies on mechanical vibration, which is producted by the piezo-electric effect, of tissue to cause thermal and non-thermal effects. The two biophysical effects facilitate a series of physiological responses in the injuried tissue to accelerate wound healing, increase the extensibility of collagen tissue, relieve pain and improve muscle spasm et al. In order to maximize effectiveness and appropriateness of treatment with ultrasound, the therapist should know more about the basic physics, physiological mechanism, biophysical mechanisms and possibly adverse consequences of therapeutic ultrasound.

並列關鍵字

Ultrasound ； Physiological effect ； Biophysical effect ； Physiotherapy