韓愈〈獲麟解〉析論：由「形」與「德」看韓愈之所以為韓愈

An Analytical Study on Han Yu's 'Interpretation of Catching the Unicorn': An Analysis of Shape and Character Which Explains Why Han Yu Is as Unique as He Is

方介(Chieh Fang)

《臺大文史哲學報》 59期 (2003/11) Pp. 267-295

https://doi.org/10.6258/bcla.2003.59.10

摘要

麟是一種形狀奇特、極為罕見的仁獸，相傳只在太平盛世出現。但，魯哀公十四年，正當衰世，卻有一麟不幸遇獲，而且被誤為不祥的怪物。孔子因而感傷落淚，韓愈也繼孔子作《春秋》、絕筆於獲麟之後，再作〈獲麟解〉一文，以麟自喻，實有極為豐富之意涵，值得深究。因此，本文先就古籍相關記載探其立說基礎；再論其文主旨與寫作背景，說明韓愈為何以「麟」自喻？為何強調「麟之所以為麟，以德不以形」？而後據以考察其人、其文，說明韓愈之所以為韓愈，及其所以求知於天下者，是以「德」？或以「形」？當可充分發掘其文意蘊，並對韓愈是否當得此喻做出適當評論。

關鍵字

麟 ； 聖人 ； 形 ； 德

並列摘要

”Unicorn” is a kind of merciful animal with very strange shape. Actually it's a mythic animal seldom-seen, appearing only in a peaceful and prosperous era. But in the 14^(th) year of Duke Ai of Lu, a period of decline and chaos, a unicorn was caught and mistaken for an inauspicious monster. Confucius felt so sorry for the unicorn that he shed tears and stopped his writing career of ”the Spring and Autumn Annals” in that very year. Being a follower of Confucius, who is the Sage, Han Yu wrote 'Interpretation of Catching the Unicorn', comparing himself to the unicorn. This paper discusses the aim of Han's article, his writing background, and the reason why Han compared himself to the unicorn. ”It's the character, not the shape, that makes the unicorn so special and unique”, emphasized Han. This paper will try to explain why should he say so, and what are the connections between him and the unicorn.

並列關鍵字

Unicorn ； Sage ； Shape ； Character

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