歷史書寫、主體性與權力：對「排灣人寫排灣族歷史」的觀察與反思

本文從一個非原住民人類學者的立場，反省近年來原住民知識份子書寫自己族群歷史的文化現象。透過五本排灣族人所撰著的排灣族歷史文本的內容分析，一方面對於這種「自我書寫」之族群歷史的學術意義、倫理意涵，以及在理論上所引發的問題提出檢討，另一方面，更試圖藉此反思這種歷史書寫對臺灣人類學研究所可能具備的意義，並進而闡述其對臺灣南島民族研究中，人類學和歷史學的結合提供哪些重要做示。筆者指出，原住民「自我書寫」的目的在古今確立自身的歷史主體性，並建構有別於漢族中心之主流論述的原住民史觀。這種現象標示出原住民歷史研究和書寫的轉變的軌跡，其意義代表原住民在知識－權力的場域中主體性的提昇，和在文化政治的場域中權力的增強。筆者對這種轉變抱持肯定、支持與期待。

關鍵字

歷史書寫；自我書寫；主體性；權力；排灣族

並列摘要

This essay focuses on the recent phenomenon of 'self-writing' in which aboriginal intellectuals write the history of their own ethnic groups for their own people. I take five historical texts written by five Paiwan authors as examples, and analyse their intentions, structures and contents. From the position of a non-aboriginal anthropologist, I examine their academic values, and the ethical implications and theoretical issues they raise explicitly or implicitly Furthermore, I attempt to discuss their significance for the synthesis of anthropology and history in the study of Austronesian peoples in Taiwan. I argue that the major purpose of 'self-writing' by the aborigines is for asserting their historical subjectivity and constructing an aboriginal history grounded upon experiences and viewpoints of the aborigines. The result will be an alternative historical discourse different from that constructed from the perspective of the majority Han people. Taken as a whole, the phenomenon of 'self-writing' indicates a changing trajectory of the study and writing of aboriginal history. It means the rising of aboriginal subjectivity in the field of knowledge-power as well as the empowerment in the field of cultural politics. I appreciate and support this effort and expect more fruitful studies to come.