從甲骨文看漢字構形方式之演化

On the Evolution of Chinese Character Formation in Oracle Bone Inscriptions

徐富昌(Fu-Chang Hsu)

《臺大文史哲學報》 64期 (2006/05) Pp. 1-40

https://doi.org/10.6258/bcla.2006.64.01

摘要

漢字構形方式是一個隨著漢字體系的發展而發展的動態演進系統。在漢字發展的不同歷史層面，其構形方式也有著相應的發展和調整。這種發展反映在漢字體系中，即是不同結構類型的漢字分佈情況的消長變化。從構形學的角度看，甲骨文已是相當成熟的文字體系，因此作為最早成體系的古文字，其構形方式的系統發展及變化，與其後的漢字構形演化有著緊密而相關的聯結。因此，本文針對甲骨文的構形元素、構形、構意、意符弱化、義近形旁通用與結構異化、聲化等現象，觀察其與漢字演變發展的對應關係。

關鍵字

甲骨文 ； 構形 ； 構意 ； 部首 ； 漢字

並列摘要

The analysis of Chinese character construction consists of two main aspects: the formation of Chinese characters and the types of their construction. The former is the way in which the signs of characters are generated; the latter is the result of analyzing, simultaneously and statically, the different formations of the characters constructed. Basically, the formation of characters is a system that evolves dynamically; it evolves along with the development of the Chinese character system. That is, the way characters are formed develops and adjusts over time. This is reflected in the growth and decline of characters with different constructions. Analyzed in terms of morphology, oracle bone inscriptions constitute a relatively mature character system. Therefore, being the most ancient characters that form a system, the development and changes in the formative system of oracle bone inscriptions have a close and correlative connection with the formation of the characters that evolved afterward. Hence, focusing on certain phenomena of oracle bone inscriptions-such as their morphs, formation, creation of meanings, the reduction of signifiers, the interchangeability of different shape parts with similar meanings, the dissimilation of their construction, and the tendency to replace shape parts with sound parts-this article explores the relationship between oracle bone inscriptions and the evolution and development of Chinese characters.

並列關鍵字

oracle bone inscriptions ； formation ； semantics ； creation of meanings ； radicals ； Chinese characters

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