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  • 期刊

戰國與西漢〈緇衣〉文本詮釋的差異比較三則

Interpreting "The Black Robes": Two Versions, Three Differences

本文另有預刊版本,請見:10.6258/bcla.202004/PP.0001

摘要


本文分析戰國郭店〈緇衣〉與漢代《禮記.緇衣》中三則「子曰」的論述,比較這兩個不同時期文本之間的詮釋差異,以及早期儒學思想在其間的發展變化。有別於其他相似主題的論述,本文結合古文字的考釋方法,就重要語詞進行分析,並以文本細讀的方式釐清整個論述的語境與邏輯關係。具體而言,〈緇衣〉文本的三則「子曰」共同論述了「君臣關係」此一重要的主題,通過不同時期兩個文本在使用字詞、徵引《詩》、《書》等諸多詮釋的差異,可以看到戰國時期儒學所提出君臣地位對等,得以相抗的政治理想,發展到西漢中期儼然產生本質性的變化,出現君王地位絕對,臣民僅遵服從的局面,可以說是戰國時期儒學思想中君臣相抗的理想發展到西漢中期的消失。

並列摘要


This study considers three different passages from the early Chinese text "Ziyi" (Black Robes). Through a careful comparison of the three extant versions of "Ziyi"-two manuscript versions and a third received version in the canonical Liji (Records of Rites)-the study shows that the transmission of the "Ziyi" undergoes a transformation from the Warring States to the Han. An early version of the text presents a position where the minister stands on an equal footing with the ruler and is thus able to challenge his authority wherever necessary. However, in the later version, this position is revised, literally rewritten, to reflect a different position: the ruler’s absolute power dominates the minister absolutely. Such findings have significant implications for understanding "Ziyi," the Guodian manuscripts, and early Confucian thought, and they illustrate an approach that can be considered when reading other newly excavated manuscripts with received counterparts.

參考文獻


林素清,〈郭店、上博〈緇衣〉簡比較──兼論戰國文字的國別問題〉,謝維揚、朱淵清編,《新出土文獻與古代文明硏究》,上海:上海大學出版社,2004,頁 83-96。
河北省文物硏究所定州漢墓竹簡整理小組編,《定州漢墓竹簡:論語》,北京:文物出版社,1997。
近藤浩之、曹峰、芳賀良信、廣瀬薰雄、李承津、渡邉大,〈『緇衣』譯注〉,池田知久編,《郭店楚簡儒教研究》,東京:汲古書院,2003,頁 5-118。
范麗梅,〈上博楚簡考釋四則〉,臺灣大學中國文學系主編,《2007 中國簡帛學國際論壇論文集》,臺北:臺灣大學中國文學系,2011,頁 713-724。
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