高層建築設計風載重：實場監測、風洞試驗與風力規範之比較

Tall Building Design Wind Loads-Field Monitoring, Wind Tunnel Procedure and Building Wind Code

鄭啟明(Chii-Ming Cheng) ； 傅仲麟(Chung-Lin Fu) ； 羅元隆(Yuan-Lung Lo) ； 陳昶志(Chang-Chih Chen)

《中國土木水利工程學刊》 21卷4期 (2009/12) Pp. 473-486

https://doi.org/10.6652/JoCICHE.200912_21(4).0008

摘要

本文以一棟位於台北市三十層樓建築為標的，在颱風侵襲時監測結構振動反應，根據監測數據識別該大樓之動力特性及建構大樓之數值模式；並執行風洞縮尺模擬試驗，量測該建築承受風力。風洞試驗數據將配合結構數值模式分析，計算結構反應與實場監測結果進行比較；並計算等值靜態風載重與風力規範之設計風載重進行比較。研究結果顯示，經良好規劃設計的風洞模擬試驗可合理反應實際建築物的受風反應。根據規範計算的高樓層順風向風力略偏不保守；本研究標的周邊建築物的影響，會引發橫風向與扭轉向平均風力，使風力規範值略低於風洞試驗值。

關鍵字

高層建築 ； 實場監測 ； 風洞實驗 ； 風力規範

並列摘要

Wind load is an important horizontal loading for high rise building design. The design wind loads can be established through either wind-tunnel testing or building wind code. In this paper, a 30-story building located in Taipei City was instrumented and monitored during strong typhoons. The building's dynamic characteristics such as natural frequencies and damping ratios are identified from monitoring data. The Finite Element model of the target building was built initially from the construction blueprints and subsequently updated according to the field monitoring results. Wind tunnel tests were conducted in a long patch of simulated upstream terrain. The wind tunnel test results were applied to the FE model to estimate the building responses and the equivalent static design wind loads. These results were compared with the field data and building wind code. It is found that results of carefully designed wind tunnel test can reasonably estimate building's wind induced behaviors. Current building wind code tends to underestimate the alongwind loading and the existence of surrounding building could introduce mean acrosswind and torsional loadings that make building wind code slightly unconservative.

並列關鍵字

high rise building ； field monitoring ； wind-tunnel ； building wind code