邊坡表層土壤降雨沖刷雲端監測系統研發與應用

集水區整體土壤流失量為評估淤積重要指標，傳統以沖蝕針方式進行人工量測，礙於山區場址廣闊且人力抵達不易，監測密度與量測頻率相對較低，不易評估個別降雨事件於不同坡度、坡長與土壤組成之短、長期沖刷行為。本研究以超聲波感測器監測表層土壤坡面高度變化，以非接觸式測量方式避免因沖蝕針設置改變地表逕流導致其周遭沖刷加劇之效應，配合無線物聯網資料傳遞架構，監測成果可定點定時回傳至雲端平台，所發展系統已佈設於現場進行長期測試，結果顯示監測模組可取代現有沖蝕針人為因素限制，得到高密度與高頻率連續量測之沖刷監測資料，後續可用以釐清降雨事件下之沖刷機制，並應用於長期集水區土壤流失量推估之建立。

關鍵字

土壤沖刷；非接觸式量測；物聯網；集水區沖蝕量

並列摘要

Estimation of the soil loss in the watershed is an important index for the silting prediction of reservoir. Erosion pin measured by manual reading has been widely used to measure the slope erosion after rainfall events. Limited by the low density and frequency, those data are difficult to conduct detailed analysis relating the major factors such as vegetation, slope angle, slope length, and soil types with the rainfall characteristics. Moreover, the installation of erosion pin alters the run-off conditions around the pin and induces deeper erosion around the proximity of the pin than the slope. To overcome these limitations, a non-contact sensing module using pairs of ultrasonic distance sensors has been developed. The module is integrated with communication and other electronic components developed for Internet of Things framework and the data can be continuously upload to cloud platform. The system has been deployed in the field and the results show that the module can substitute the erosion pin and those continuous data can be used for advanced study on erosion mechanism and prediction of soil loss in catchment.

並列關鍵字

soil erosion ； non-contact measurement ； internet of things ； soil loss

國際替代計量

邊坡表層土壤降雨沖刷雲端監測系統研發與應用

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