無人飛行載具於大規模崩塌潛勢區之輔助調查－以高雄市六龜區D015大規模崩塌潛勢區為例

THE APPLICATION OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE ON LARGE-SCALE LANDSLIDE INVESTIGATION - THE D015 SITE IN LIUGUI, KAOHSIUNG AS A DEMONSTRATION

李國維(Kuo-Wei Li) ； 黎俊逸(Chun-I Li) ； 潘以文(Yii-Wen Pan) ； 廖志中(Jyh-Jong Liao)

《中國土木水利工程學刊》 31卷7期 (2019/11) Pp. 659-670

https://doi.org/10.6652/JoCICHE.201911_31(7).0006

摘要

欲了解大規模崩塌潛勢區可能的破壞行為與機制，可透過航照判釋、地表地質調查、地質鑽探等方法，調查崩積層厚度、岩土界面位置、岩層不連續面位態等項目，掌握潛勢區地質模式。未來發生大規模崩塌的活動性，可由暴雨或地震事件後的地貌特徵改變量，如蝕溝上溯長度、崩崖後退量、崩塌裸露面積變化進行評估。然而大規模崩塌潛勢區的數量眾多且範圍廣大，面積可達上百公頃、高差可達近千米，崩崖與蝕溝深度可達數十米，傳統人力調查方式難以有效率的調查潛勢區地形及地質資訊。無人飛行載具機動快速、成本低、可低空飛行、可即時獲得高解析度影像的特性，相當適合應用於調查潛勢區的地形、地質及災前災後的地貌變化。本研究以高雄市－六龜區－D015大規模崩塌潛勢區為例，以無人飛行載具拍攝序列照片並產製三維點雲模型、數值地表模型與正射影像，估計潛勢區內崩積層厚度、露頭層面位態，並比較暴雨事件前後的地貌特徵變化、計算崩塌量體。研究結果顯示無人飛行載具空拍能協助建立大規模崩塌潛勢區的初步地質模式，並能提供災前、災後地形／地貌特徵變化之量化分析所需的資料。

關鍵字

無人飛行載具 ； 大規模崩塌潛勢區 ； 地質調查 ； 航空攝影測量

並列摘要

To assess the potential of a large-scale landslide, it is essential to obtain geological information for the landslide site through site investigation which may include aerial interpretation, field geology survey, geophysics tests and borehole exploration. However, the implementation of geological surveys usually consumes a lot of time and manpower. The access of large-scale landslide site is often exposed to rugged terrain; it is usually challenging and dangerous to collect geological information in some inaccessible spots such as cliffs and deep valleys. Lately, light-weight unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) equipped with cameras or image sensors have been widely used because of its high mobility and low cost. In this study, we demonstrate a variety of possible UAV applications for the geological survey in a potential large-scale landslide area. The present work adopted commercial UAV as a site-investigation tool and utilizes UAV-photogrammetry methods to improve the efficiency of geological survey in a large-scale landslide area in southern Taiwan. The produced UAV photogrammetry includes aerial photos, three-dimensional point cloud, digital surface models, and ortho-images. In this paper, we demonstrate four possible applications of geological survey to collect various types of data. These applications include (1) the thickness estimation of colluvium; (2) the orientation determination of outcrop bedding planes; (3) the micro geomorphological features interpretation; and (4) the depth, area and volume estimation of the rainfall event.

並列關鍵字

UAV ； photogrammetry ； site investigation ； potential large-scale landslide