The transport properties of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) are difficult to quantify; thus, this study applies the rapid chloride migration test for measuring the chloride penetration depth of the ITZ and determining the migration coefficient (the diffusivity of chlorides under an electric field) of the ITZ. To obtain a continuous ITZ, a mortar specimen was added with a rod-shaped aggregate (φ19 mm × 50 mm). The results indicated that a continuous ITZ formed around a rod-shaped aggregate, and the ITZ had higher chloride penetration depth than the matrix. The migration coefficient of the ITZ and that of the matrix were affected by the w/b ratio for the cement-based materials. The improvement amount of ITZ was up to the 1.5 and 2.4 times that of the matrix for adding fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag, respectively.