農水產廢棄物堆肥化之開發及應用III.送風式堆肥槽之建立及快速堆肥製造

Composting and Utilization of Organic Wastes III. The Effect of Operation System on Composting Process

蔡永暭(Yuong-How Tsai)

《高雄區農業改良場研究彙報》 9卷1期 (1997/12) Pp. 44-60

https://doi.org/10.6958/RBKDAIS.199712.0044

摘要

堆肥製造主要受材料種類、醱酵環境（溫度、水分、空氣等）及微生物族群等因素之影響。受影響範圍，包括堆肥特性、養分含量、反應速率、堆肥品質、及生物特性等。本試驗主要目的，在探討醱酵過程中，堆肥槽的管理對堆肥化之影響。試驗結果顯示，醱酵溫度與槽容器大小有密切關連，小型堆肥槽極易散熱，溫度不易上升，而大型堆肥槽溫度經常超過70℃，不利醱酵反應，適當的堆積高度不宜超過2公尺。送風式堆肥槽，送風量以維持0.02vvm效果最佳。空氣由底層供應時，出風口附近材料有結塊現象，堆肥品質不佳。若進行適當的翻堆與加水，結塊現象可改善，並促進醱酵反應，縮短醱酵時間，但過量的翻堆與加水，則會降低養分含量，尤其氮素含量，估計翻堆次數以2～5次為宜。接種微生物菌源，可穩定醱酵溫度，但醱酵溫度高低與堆肥品質之間，並沒有顯著相關。有機材料，鮮蝦殼比魚粕更容易醱酵，但養分含量較低，較適合調製成育苗介質，而魚粕堆肥養分含量較高，較適合調製田間用堆肥。

關鍵字

有機廢棄物 ； 堆肥化 ； 操作管理 ； 送風量

並列摘要

The composting process is affected by these factors such as microbes, raw materials, and operation system (tank size, air supply, water maintenance, etc.). All of these factors combined will result to various composts with different quality.The aim of these studies was to evaluate the effect of operation system on compost quality. Results showed that three was good relationship between tank size and temperature induced. Small plastic tank could not maintained the heat produced during composting to perform themo-fermentation, however the heat in large tank often exceeds 70℃ that was too high for the growth of thermo-fungi. The height of container had better not higher than two meters. The air supply of 0.02vvm was helpful for aerobic fermentation in tank with blowing facilities. Intensive air supply induced the composting material stuck together and resulted to bad compost quality. The sticking property could be reduced by increasing the water content of the composting material and overturning the composting material with shovel 2~5 times during the composting process. Nutrient, especially N, lost significantly when the turning operation was conducted too many times. There was no relationship between temperature and compost quality, although it is apparent to increase temperature with inoculating microbes to the composting materials. Compost with shrimp was suitable for the seedling growing media owing to the low nutrient content and more complete fermentation, however compost with fish powder was suitable for field crop because of high nutrient content, especially N.

並列關鍵字

Organic wastes ； Composting ； Operation system ； Air supply