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臺灣南部地區熱帶果樹氣象災害防護技術研究(第一年)

Agrometeorological Disaster Protection Techniques for Tropical Fruit Trees in Southern Taiwan

摘要


臺灣南部地區氣候資源豐富,可以生產多種熱帶果樹,但受地形、季風及海洋和大陸相關位置的影響,各類氣象災害亦多。農民為利用所擁有的氣候和土地資源,通常無法兼顧氣候上的安全性,所以經常會因農業氣象災害而蒙受損失。本計畫擬開發一具整合性功能的熱帶果樹氣象災害防護專家系統,能依據歷年之氣象觀測資料,提供可能遭受之氣象災害損失的風險評估,並開發相關之防護與栽培管理措施,協助農民因應異常氣象災害,以減輕因異常氣象災害所招致的損失。本年度為計劃執行第一年,工作目標以相關基礎資料之建立和分析,以及蓮霧和番荔枝果樹防護措施之研擬為主。本年度工作成果包括:1.完成「氣象站及作物資料庫查詢系統」,內含中央氣象局之局屬站,遙測自動氣象雨量站,農業氣象觀測網一、二級測站,和專用站四類觀測站的歷年逐日氣象資料。使用者可選擇所需測站進行有關氣象災害發生機率、統計資料,以及實際觀測記錄的查詢。作物資料庫內分基本資料、生育需求、氣象災害、以及栽培管理技術四大部分,可協助設定氣象資料庫的應用範圍。2.完成對蓮霧和番荔枝專業果農有關各種氣象災害發生機率、受損情形及防護方式等項目之問卷調查,分析得知寒害、颱風害、與雨害是主要的農業氣象災害,亟需研發相關防護技術。3.分別於屬於高雄縣北部之六龜與新威,屏東縣北部之里港與高樹,和屏東縣南部之南州與枋寮等蓮霧主要產區,以及台東縣之東河、斑鳩、康樂、和太麻里等番荔枝主要產區,選擇適當果園共十處設置微氣象觀測站,以明瞭農業氣象災害發生期間果園內微氣象環境的動態變化。4.針對九月初的杜鵑颱風,分析觀測資料得知,在台東和南部沿海之枋寮、南州等地,瞬間最大陣風相當於十一級風,因此導致蓮霧與番荔枝植株發生嚴重落葉、折枝、折斷等傷害,其中枋寮地區瞬間最大陣風相當於十五級風,因此該地區蓮霧受損特別嚴重。颱風期間大雨使土壤鬆軟,更加惡化果樹倒伏情形。5.對颱風防護措施效果之初步測試指出,鐵柱直撐法和棚架支撐法具有較佳的防護效果,預定從下年度起,進行經濟效益測試。在寒害防護措施設計部分,也已選定測試區,並完成多種相關防護措施之規劃、安裝與架設工作,將於今年(93)冬天寒流來襲時,進行防護效果之比較,選擇較適合的設計,於下年度(94)進行經濟效益測試。

並列摘要


The southern part of Taiwan is full of agrometeorological resources and suitable for producing tropical fruits. But, many agrometeorological disasters also exist due to the complexity of weather generating system. To fully use the agrometeorological and land resources, farmers often neglected the climatic safety and thus may suffered great economical losses. The purpose of this project is to develop an integrated expert system for protecting agrometeorological disasters of tropical fruit trees. The system will not only provide risk analysis based on climatic record, but can also suggest the best management practices to assist farmers protecting the agrometeorological disasters and reduce their economical losses.During the first year of this four-year project, the main research goals are to establish required basic databases, and to develop and evaluate protect ion schemes for waxapple and atemoya, in particular. A climatic database inquiring system was developed to allow easy access of daily climatic data from observation networks of CWB and agrometeorological observation networks. Users can make risk analysis, calculate statistics, or observe continuous records of selected stations. A crop database inquiring system was also developed to help users making decisions. Farmer's surveys indicated that cold, typhoon, and rainfall are three major agrometeorological disasters for waxapple and atemoya and require immediate attention in developing protection schemes. Ten micrometeorological stations are also established in major producing areas to observe dynamic changes of various micrometeorological variables during the events of different disasters. Typhoon Dujuan, with maximum wind speed researched 16 ms^(-1), caused severe damages to southern Taiwan in 2003. Field test indicated that vertical steel pole method and wire-net hanger method are two promising methods to protect fruit trees from strong wind damages. Further experiments regarding economical return will be conducted in next three years.

被引用紀錄


蔡志揚(2011)。無線感測器網路於焚風即時監測之應用〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2011.01789
余宜霞(2009)。灌溉與蓮霧(Syzygium samarangense Merr.&Perry)裂果的關係〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.02390

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