施肥用量差異對蓮霧品質與地表逕流水質之影響

The Qualities of Wax-apple and Surface Run-off Influence by Apply Different Quantity of Fertilizers

李銘全(Ming-Chuan Lee)

《高雄區農業改良場研究彙報》 15卷4期 (2004/12) Pp. 19-32

https://doi.org/10.6958/RBKDAIS.200412.0019

摘要

作物栽培過程中，農民運用各種物質設法提高作物產量及品質，藉以增加個人收益，相對使得農藥、肥料等污染物質藉由各種途徑進入農田及河川水體中，危害生態環境。本研究主要探討施肥用量差異對蓮霧品質與地表逕流水質之影響。地表逕流水質受處理間累積效應及試區地形影響，總氮含量以C（氮：磷酐：氧化鉀＝2400：1800：1800公克／株）處理為最高，同時C處理及農民慣行施肥量（氮：磷酐：氧化鉀＝800：2400：2400公克／株）處理具有較高之總磷、生物需氧量及化學需氧量。Ｃ處理之生物需氧量分別較Ａ處理（氮：磷酐：氧化鉀＝800：1800：1800公克／株），B處理（氮：磷酐：氧化鉀＝1600：1800：1800公克／株）及農民慣行施肥量高25％，24.7％及21.1％。水流移動懸浮固體微粒於排水口末端沉積，造成D處理量的提高。土壤之pH、有機質、磷、鉀、鎂、鈉等含量於氮肥處理間無顯著差異。鈣含量於處理間呈顯著差異，A處理之鈣含量919.4毫克／公斤最高，分別較B，C及農民慣行施肥量高38％，24％及39％。A處理之鐵含量顯著高於其他處理；錳含量亦有不同程度之差異，以A處理之27.5毫克／公斤顯著優於B，C處理及農民慣行法之12毫克／公斤，13.7毫克／公斤及6.7毫克／公斤。植體之氮、磷、鉀、鈣、鎂、鈉含量無顯著差異，僅錳含量有顯著差異，以農民慣行施肥法之144毫克／公斤顯著優於A，B，C處理之114.8毫克／公斤，112.4毫克／公斤及111.4毫克／公斤。果實重量以B處理之平均單果重97.04公克為最佳，A處理之93.47公克次之，均顯著優於C，D處理。果長以D處理之71.90公釐為最長，顯著優於A處理之66.26公釐，果寬則無顯著差異。果實表皮亮度以C處理39.20為最佳，顯著優於B處理之36.53。紅色值以B處理之19.70為最佳，優於A，C及D處理組之18.96，16.60及16.94，黃色值無顯著差異。可溶性固形物含量（°Brix）介於11.89～12.69％之間，以B處理之12.69％為最佳，顯著優於其他處理濃度。花青素含量以B處理之2.70μmole/cm^2為最佳，顯著優於C處理之2.31μmole/cm^2。

關鍵字

蓮霧 ； 氮素 ； 水質 ； 逕流

並列摘要

Farmers expect to increase personal revenue utilized lots of materials to improve the yield and quality of wax-apple (Syzygium samarangense Merr.et Perry). In the same time the pollutants such as agricultural chemicals and fertilizer via various routes into farmland and hydrographic net to jeopardize the ecosystem. The mainly purpose of this research was to propagation fertilizer rationalize apply concept to ameliorate non-point source pollution. The treatment of fertilizer C (N: P2O5: K2O = 2400:1800: 1800 g/plant) has the highest total nitrogen (TN) content in surface run-off. The nitrogen level was higher than our recommend, which was easily washed away into the run-off by the torrential rain cause the TN increases in the water. The plant treated with fertilizer C and D (N: P2O5: K2O = 800: 2400: 2400 g/plant) has higher total phosphate (TP), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) than the others. Because of water flowage and settlement in the end of canal resulted the suspension sol id (SS) content accumulation in the treatment of fertilizer D. The contents of organic matter, phosphate, potassium, magnesium and sodium didn't influence by the quantity of fertilizers. Fertilizer A (N: P2O5: K2O= 800: 1800: 1800 g/plant) has higher calcium, manganese and iron content than the others. The plant treated with fertilizer D, that manganese content in the leaf was higher than the other. The qualities of wax-apple were influence by the fertilizer levels. Fertilizer B has the best fruit weight compare with other treatments. The plant treated with fertilizer D has the longest fruit length. Fertilizer B (N: P2O5: K2O = 1600: 1800: 1800 g/plant) has the best red valve in the epidermis of fruit compare with other treatments. The °Brix of fruit has significant difference among the treatments. Fertilizer B not only accelerates anthocyanins content accumulation in the epidermis, but also increases °Brix of fruit.

並列關鍵字

Wax-apple ； Nitrogen ； Water quality ； Run-off