木瓜非疫生產點可行性評估

Evaluation of pest free production site of papaya orchard

陳明吟(Ming-Yin Chen) ； 曾敏南(Min-Nan Tseng)

《高雄區農業改良場研究彙報》 28卷2期 (2017/12) Pp. 15-26

摘要

臺灣為瓜實蠅及東方果實蠅的疫區，這兩種害蟲都可以在木瓜中產卵危害。木瓜出口時需經過檢疫作業，因此外銷的木瓜品質及銷售量都明顯受到影響。臺灣為防止木瓜輪點病毒病傳播而發展形成網室栽培。或許這種栽培方式可提供木瓜以非疫生產點的方式替代檢疫作業。本研究在高雄市六龜區，自2015年起設置強固型網室，並設置雙重門防蟲通道。於網室內，分別懸掛克蠅、甲基丁香油及黃色黏板作為瓜、果實蠅監測資材。網室內一旦誘集獲得成蟲，則立即懸掛含酵母錠之誘殺器，藉以評估是否有雌蟲侵入。於網室外之區域，亦同樣以克蠅及甲基丁香油進行監測。於強固型網室內，2016年7月25日、2016年12月28日、2017年9月15日及10月16日，及2018年2月27日分別誘得瓜實蠅或東方果實蠅。經過網室破洞修補、出入口加設三重門，以及落實雙重門不得同時打開之作業後，至2019年3月14日，持續一年以上未再捕獲瓜、果實蠅。此結果已經與行政院農業委員會之要求一致。綜此研究發現，經由良好設施的建立及落實防疫措施可有效阻隔瓜、果實蠅於木瓜網室外，未來若能設置木瓜專業栽培區，藉由強固型網室搭配防蟲通道，並設立良好農業操作規範，則建立木瓜非疫生產點之構思應可實行。

關鍵字

非疫生產點 ； 木瓜 ； 瓜實蠅（Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquiltt） ； 強固型網室 ； 東方果實蠅（Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel）

並列摘要

Taiwan is the epidemic area of melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquiltt) and oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel), both of which can spawn in papaya. Papaya is subject to quarantine operations during export, thus the quality and sales of papaya can be significantly affected. The net house cultivation in Taiwan has been developed to prevent the spread of Papaya ringspot virus. Perhaps this cultivation method might provide a pest free production site for papaya in order to avoid quarantine operations. In this study, a net house with strengthen structure and insect-preventing channel has been installed in Liugui District of Kaohsiung City since 2015. In this net house, we hang the traps containing cuelure or methyl eugenol, and yellow sticky boards to monitor the invasion of B. cucurbitae or B. dorsalis. Once the adult flies were trapped, we immediately hang the trap containing yeast extracts to evaluate the invasion of female adults. In the area outside the net house, it was also monitored with cuelure and methyl eugenol. However, the melon or oriental fruit flies were still captured within the net house due to breaking holes on July 25 and December 28, 2016, September 15 and October 16, 2017, and February 27, 2018. After repairing holes in the net house, additional triple doors at the entrance and exit were set up, and implementing new operation that double doors be not opened at the same time. Until March 14, 2019, no melon or oriental fruit flies were captured for more than one year. This result has been consistent with the requirements of the Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan. Based on this study, the setting of good facilities and the implementation of epidemic prevention measures can effectively prevent melon and oriental fruit flies from entering the net house with strengthen structure. In the future, if the professional cultivation area of papaya can be set up, the net house with strengthen structure and insect preventing channel will provide good agricultural practices and hence the concept of establishing pest free production sites of papaya is practical.

並列關鍵字

pest free production site ； papaya (Carica papaya) ； Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquiltt ； Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel ； net house with strengthen structure