復全之道—意義、溝通與生命實踐

Restoring the Way to Sanity-Meaning, Communication and Life Praxis

沈清松

《哲學與文化》 24卷8期 (1997/08) Pp. 725-737

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.199708.0725

摘要

健全生活是一種既均衡而且富於創造的身心狀態，在其中，欲望作爲吾人的意義動力可以充分實現其潛能，建構一個有意義的生命。本文認爲，語言獲取和交談互動對於復全之道具有根本的重要性。返回健全生活之道有必要承認他者，並調整吾人與他者[包含他人與自然]的關係，直到將自我與他者、與其他萬物整合在道中，因而超越一切意義建構而融合於道。
此一健全而有意義的生命的建構，包含了三個層面：第一個層面是表象性和語言性的意義建構(meaning construction)，這是從吾人身體的運動以及體現在身體內的欲望之中興起，繼而實現爲各種表象與語言，其中語言獲取(language appropriation)至爲重要。第二層面是對意義的社會共建(co-construction)，透過溝通，我們與他人，尤其是與重要他人(significant others)，相互交談並共同建構有意義的生活。第三，在存有學的層面，一個健全的生活終須對「實在本身」開放，才能夠在有意義的生活中引進自由的向度，這也蘊含著對於先前的意義建構加以解構(de-construction)，此一解構的行動對於人的存在的開放性及其終極實現也是有必要的。

關鍵字

治療 ； 身體 ； 語言獲取 ； 溝通行動 ； 生命實踐 ； 心理分析 ； 現象學 ； 道家哲學

並列摘要

Therapy is considered here as a process of restoring the way to sanity. But it is important to know what a sane life is. For the author it is a balanced yet creative state of body-mind in which our desire could conduce itself, at least hopefully, to the ultimate degree of the construction of a meaningful life or of the realization of its potentiality. The process of language appropriation and dialogical interaction are considered as essential here. For me this construction of a meaningful life, and therefore a life of sanity, consists of three levels: First, the representational and linguistic construction of meaning, as casting up from the movement of our body and the desire residing therein; second, the social co-construction of meaningfulness, in which we dialogue with significant others in order to construct together a meaningful world; third, the ontological level, which implies also an act of deconstruction necessary for the openness and the ultimate fulfillment of human existence in the Reality Itself.

並列關鍵字

Therapy ； Body ； Language Appropriation ； Communicative Act ； Psychoanalysis ； Phenomenology ； Taoism