信仰：道德之基礎—道教倫理研究札記

A Basis for Morality-Research into the Ethics of the Taoist Religion

姜生

《哲學與文化》 24卷9期 (1997/09) Pp. 879-881

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.199709.0879

摘要

信仰是道德之最可靠基礎。世俗理性文化的種種局限性，社會集團對道德的需要，與人類對於理想王國的追求，共同導致了宗教道德的產生。
在信仰的方式下，人類對於宇宙一切的認識和把握，超越了理性文化的一般模式。在宗教裡，信仰，作為認識的終極手段，排除了理性認識的不足與缺憾、懷疑與進取，用皈依取代了一切。
信仰使人們走向自覺自為的軌道，把理想置入超驗的彼岸世界，視為現世行為的永恆報償，從而謹慎其行為，把對於外部世界的不滿，自覺轉化、內在化為對於自我的不滿，更多地放棄社會利益要求與權利要求，而代之以利他主義。在這裏，信念高於利益，柔順克己、愛逮萬物，成為解脫自然與社會痛苦獲得幸福的道路。
道教倫理體系的形成和發展過程表明，一旦社會倫理理想融入信仰體系，社會的道德精神就將得到提升，導致社會的健康發展。道教及其倫理體系的形成，標誌著中國文化的一大進化。

關鍵字

信仰 ； 道德 ； 道教 ； 倫理體系 ； 宗教

並列摘要

Faith is morality's most reliable basis. The secular world's rational limit, society's need for morality for the group, and man's pursuit of the ideal republic all find their source in religious morality. In faith, man's understanding and grasp of the universe transcends any rational models of understanding. In religion, faith is knowledge's ultimate phase. It eliminates rational knowledge's insufficiencies, drawbacks and doubts. Faith is man's road to self-realization, it brings rationality to the realm of transcending mundane experience, it can be considered this world's eternal reward. Through a person's prudence in faith, one is able to transform the self in all of it's dissatisfaction toward the world and the ego. Faith allows a person to forego social expectations of what is due one, and helps a person focus on others. It is here that faith transcends personal gain, enabling one to conquer the self and love all of creation. Enabling a person to finally shed the pains of the physical and social world and reach a blissful realm. In the shaping of the Taoist religion's ethical system, once the ideal social ethic fuses with faith, the social ethic is elevated, leading to a healthy social development. The Taoist religion is a significant symbol of the Chinese cultures evolution.

並列關鍵字

Faith ； Morality ； Taoist Religion ； Ethical System ； Religion