馬里旦倫理之醫護向度－以“安樂死”為例

A Study on Medical Ethics from Maritain's Perspective-Using Euthanasia as an Example

蕭宏恩

《哲學與文化》 25卷4期 (1998/04) Pp. 371-385

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.199804.0371

摘要

「倫理學」是一門實踐的學問，亦必要在實踐內完成，也就是說，倫理學的最終目的，就是面對實際生活中的具體倫理問題；每一種專業上的倫理問題，確是我們相當切身的具體倫理課題。本文即是嘗試著以新士林哲學家馬里旦的倫理觀點為基礎，將之應用在醫護專業倫理課題上之探究；而專業倫理的探討，首在具體案例的解析，以使我們養成面對具體倫理個案的倫理思考習慣，以因應實際生活上的專業倫理困境。因此，本文首先標舉出馬里旦所言之「慈悲」的超越德行，在此基礎上以詮釋幫助具體案例解析之諸倫理原理、原则，如此，才能真正成就最高之倫理價值。本文的進行，乃以與醫護專業有相當密切關聯的「安樂死」課題來貫穿，以集中論點，不致散漫。

關鍵字

死亡 ； 慈悲 ； 自主原則 ； 不傷害原則 ； 行善原則 ； 公平（正義）原則

並列摘要

Ethics is a practical science which must find its own completion in practice. That is to say, ethics must ultimately face concrete ethical problems. Every profession's ethical problems become an immediate concern for everyone.
This article would like to explore problems in medical ethics in light of the neo-Scholastic philosopher, Jacques Maritain.
Exploring concrete cases in professional ethics is paramount, to the evaluation of ethical problems in a realistic light. Accordingly, this article would like to focus on Maritain's supernatural virtue of ”charity”. His explanation of ”charity” is helpful in analyzing ethical problems in concrete cases. Through this analysis, the highest value can be derived from any ethical dilemma.
This article uses ”euthanasia” as a focal point in analyzing topics in medical ethics.

並列關鍵字

Death ； Euthanasia ； Charity ； The Principle of Autonomy ； The Principle of Nonmaleficence ； The Principle of Benefience ； The Principle of Justice