論人之十大認知錯誤

認知、情緒、行為，這三種人生之基本歷程，過去心理學一直只强調情緒（佛洛依德之精神分析論）或行為（華德生及史基納之行為論）。自六○年代開始，另一派心理學家屹起，他們認為認知——情緒——行為這三種因素，認知是決定情緒及行為的主因。認知若有錯誤，情緒與行為也隨之而出現偏差，各種負面情緒如焦慮、憂鬱、失望等亦將出現。這派心理學名為認知心理學，他們不否認精神分析論及行為論或其它心理學理論對人之貢獻，他們只强調欲糾正人之情緒及行為之偏差，必須先糾正個人非理性、非邏輯的那些認知錯誤。因此，本文在分析十大錯誤認知之前，先介紹四種目前最普遍流行的心理治療法：即精神分析治療、行為治療、意義治療、及認知治療，使那些不專攻心理學之讀者，有一個概念性的認識與了解。筆者從事心理輔導多年，除少數特殊個案外，一般性之青少年心理問題，幾乎均與認知錯誤有關，若這些錯誤一旦改正，許多負面情緒亦將隨之而消失。

關鍵字

心理疾病；精神分析治療；行為治療；意義及價值治療；認知治療；零和治療；內攻外攻；心理過濾鏡；點金為石；武斷；情緒推理；貼標簽；內疚感；多重認知錯誤

並列摘要

Of the three basic human processes: cognitive, emotional and behavioral; psychology lays emphasis on the emotional and behavioral theories. Since the 1960's, another school of thought has taken root. This school considers the cognitive process to be the determining factor of human emotional and behavioral processes. If the cognitive process is in error, the emotional and behavioral process follow suit. This leads to problems such as anxiety, depression and disappointment Psychologists of this school advocate cognitive psychology. They do not necessarily reject the contributions of psychoanalysis or behavioral therapy; they just advocate that treatment of emotional or behavioral abnormalities must begin with correcting irrational or illogical cognitive errors. This article would therefore like to introduce today's four major psychotherapies before analyzing the ten main cognitive errors. The four maior therapies are: psychoanalysis, behavioral therapy, logos therapy, and cognitive therapy. This to give those not acquainted with psychology more of an understanding. From ten years of psychological counseling, I found, except in extraordinary cases, that most adolescent problems stem from cognitive error. If they can be corrected, subsequent emotional problems can be avoided.

並列關鍵字

Mental Disease ； Psychoanalytic Therapy ； Behavior Therapy ； Logos Therapy ； Cognitive Therapy ； All or Nothing Therapy ； Inside-Outside Attacks ； Mental Filter ； Reverse Alchemy ； Jumping to Conclusions ； Emotional Reas

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論人之十大認知錯誤

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