知識社會學近期演展的動態

The Recent Development of the Sociology of Knowledge

洪鎌德

《哲學與文化》 25卷10期 (1998/10) Pp. 890-902

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.199810.0890

摘要

本論文敘述一九六○年代之後西方知識社會學各種流派及其學說演變的情形。首先介紹法蘭克福學派第二代主要理論家的哈伯馬斯及其知識旨趣與溝通理論，其次涉及舒慈的社會現象說，及其弟子柏爾格與盧克曼以現象學建構社會的學說。再其次討論結構主義與知識社會學的關聯，而以福柯的解構學說來說明他何以強調知識與權力的結合成爲後工業社會之現象。最終涉及女性主義和知識社會學，強調扮演母親、妻子、女兒等角色的女性在各行各業中對平衡男性極端觀點的可能貢獻，從而把半個世紀以來歐美學界所注重的知識社會學之演展作一勾玄提要的析評。

關鍵字

知識社會學 ； 知識與旨趣 ； 勞動與溝通 ； 社會現象學 ； 結構主義 ； 權力 ； 女性主義

並列摘要

The essay deals with the recent development of sociological theory of knowledge since the end of the World War II. It begins with the discussion of Jurgen Habermas' analysis of three types of knowledge according to empirical, practical and emancipatory interests. It is followed by a brief exposition of Alfred Schutz's theory of social phenomenology as well as the phenomenological construction and study of society presented by Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann. This paper also discusses the relationship between the sociology of knowledge and strucflra1ism, especially Althusser's treatment of ideology. Foucalt's concept of post-modernity .and his idea of the dispersion of power and its relevance for knowledge are critically analyzed. Finally, the article investigates the feminist view of knowledge and evaluates its contribution to the contemporary sociological study.

並列關鍵字

The Sociology of Knowledge ； Knowledge of Interest ； Labor and Communication Social Phenomenology ； Structuralism Power Feminism