- 期刊
論道德價值―從謝勒的價值哲學談起
A Discussion on Moral Values-From the Perspective of Max Scheler's Philosophy of Value
摘要
每個時代都有不同的道德問題，但在殊樣的道德問題背後，人們卻又可感受到似乎有著最根本的道德準則在指引著人，所以思想家們希望能找到使每個人都承認它是正確且接受它、把它視為義務的倫理法則，也希望能釐清在衡量事物時所根據的「價值」究竟是什麼。本文試著透過當代德國價值學家謝勒(Max Scheler，1874一1928)的觀點，分別從「價值的性質」、價值的次序，以及「偏好」與「愛」等方面，來對倫理學課題中的「價值」作一探討。最後指出，身為價值客觀論者的謝勒，在強調價值的先驗客觀性時，並非只是藉此把「價值」束之高閣，成為與人無關且高高在上的領域，而是同時提出直觀的偏好，兼顧到人類心靈與價值的密切交融性，其價值學所開展出的道路，帶領著人的思緒走向另一片天地。
並列摘要
Every age has its own moral dilemmas to face. In every special ethical background howevei, there seems to be a basic ethical standard from which mankind can find direction. Every thinker therefore hopes to be able to find a system which everyone can accept, a system that can find acceptance as a standard for ethical obligation. A thinker would also hope that the system would be able to give a definitive understanding of what ‘value’ really is. This essay would like to proceed from the philosophy of the modern German thinker Max Scheler. It divides the discussion of values into the categories of: value properties, value ordering, fondness for some things, and love. Scheler proceeds from an objective viewpoint in analyzing values. In emphasizing an a priori nature of values, he avoids a lofty, superior attitude that would disenfranchise most from any discussion on the subject. Scheler posits an intuition of ‘fondness’, which caters to the intimate relationship between the spirit and a sense of value. Scheler’s value studies take one to an unopen territory of speculation.