天主教生命倫理觀的基本視域

生命倫理原就是倫理學的一部份，如今隨生物科技的突飛猛進，尤其因現代醫療對人生、老、病、死之干預與操縱，造成各種困惑人心的問題，如墮胎、安樂死、代理孕母、複製人、基因改造……等，使生命倫理更成為當代極重要的論題。但追根究底，生命倫理牽涉的最核心課題，仍是千古以來倫理學以至哲學的根本議題，即人是誰？人有何生命特質、價值與意義？有鑑於此，為了解決科技應用帶來的生命倫理問題、突破人類心靈的茫然與困惑、以及保護人生命的價值與尊嚴，我們需要回至生命倫理思維的最根本處，去建立對真理、對生命的基本視域。依循此一體認，本章以介紹天主教會的基本生命倫理視域為要務。文分四節，第一節要鳥瞰天主教基本生命倫理視域的建構脈絡與根源；第二節是本文核心，將論述天主教基本生命倫理視域，及由此視域所推得的絕對倫理規範；第三節要檢視天主教倫理視域與自然道德律的關係；最後第四節，要進一步發揮建立在天主教基本倫理視域上的積極倫理訓導。

關鍵字

生命倫理；天主教生命倫理視域；天主聖三；自然道德律

並列摘要

Bioethics is a part of ethics. Today, the rapid progression of biotechnology, particularly the intervention and manipulation of birth, aging, sickness and death by modern medicine, have bred all kinds of confusing problems, such as abortion, euthanasia, surrogate mothers, clones, gene modification, and so on. Therefore bioethics becomes an important issue in the contemporary society. But ultimately, the central issues of bioethics are the fundamental topics for centuries of ethics and even philosophy: Who are we? And what are our characteristics, values and meanings? Therefore, in order to solve the ethical problems produced by technology application, break the confusion and bafflement of human minds, and protect the value and dignity of human life, we have to return to the root of bioethical thoughts to establish the fundamental perspective about the truth and life. Accordingly, the writer tires to introduce the basic bioethical perspective of the Catholic Church. This article consists of four sections: the first section is to look at the construction and root of the fundamental bioethical perspective of Catholicism; the second section is the core of this paper, discoursing the fundamental bioethical perspective of Catholicism and absolute ethical norms inferred from this perspective; the third section is to examine the relationship between the Catholic ethical perspective and natural moral laws; and finally the fourth section is to further exploit the positive ethical injunctions founded on the fundamental bioethical perspective of Catholicism.