“未來的民主”或“議定的民主”？詮析德希達與哈伯瑪斯圖構“歐洲後民族格局”之途徑

本文采取對比的策略，透過政治與哲學的觀點論述解構主義與重構理論的圖構。德希達與哈伯瑪斯皆肯定啟蒙時期世界公民權與世界公民觀的正确性。兩人強烈呼籲在多元的機制與歐洲聯盟應從傳統的國際法轉化到新的世界公民秩序。德希達關於倫理與政治的解構策略為寬恕，寬容，好客性與宗教現任等等。哈伯瑪斯的新策略則是透過普遍語用學，論評觀點與議定民主等。因此，哈伯瑪斯在當代的西方民主中，進行批判與歷史的公共領域之重建與發展。

關鍵字

德希達；哈柏瑪斯；解構；重構；全球化；後民族格局；世界公民主義；議定民主；未來的民主；論評理論

並列摘要

Adopting a contrasting approach, the article discusses patterns of deconstruction and reconstruction from a political and philosophical viewpoint. Both Derrida and Habermas affirm the Value of the Enlightenment ideals of world citizenry and cosmopolitan right. They call for a planetary response involving the transition from classical international law to a new cosmopolitan order in which multilateral institutions and continental alliances would become the chief political actors. Derrida's approach to ethics and politics of deconstruction is talking about forgiveness, tolerance, hospitality and religions responsibilities. Habermas call this new approach ”universal pragmatics”, ”discourse” and ”dliberative democracy”. Thus Habermas embarks on a critical and historical reconstruction of development of public sphere in modern Western democracies.

並列關鍵字

J. Derrida ； J. Habermas ； deconstruction ； reconstruction ； globalization ； the postnational constellation ； cosmopolitanism ； deliberative democracy ； democracy to come ； discursive theory