從儒家倫理看醫病關係

On the Doctor-Patient Relationship from the Perspective of Confucian Ethics

陳振崑(Jen-Kun Chen)

《哲學與文化》 31卷11期 (2004/11) Pp. 45-61

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.200411.0045

摘要

醫病關係是醫學倫理學裡一個討論已久的重要議題。醫病關係議題牽涉到心理學、社會學、法律學、倫理學與人類學等不同專業學術領域的討論。醫學倫理學的研究方法不同於其它學科之處，在於它應用道德判斷與價值判斷的思考，在理性的基礎之上探索著醫師（醫療人員）面對病人（及其家屬）的社會責任，以及醫師自我期許的專業形象與道德理想。本文作者透過醫病關係之倫理類型的討論，介紹與評估在醫病關係之中，醫師所扮演諸如監護者、專業技師、諮商者、老師、朋友、醫療服務販賣商等等多重角色。作者援引了儒家傳統仁道倫理中的道德理想主義與醫道精神，來與西方現代醫學界再現醫學專業倫理之利他主義精神的道德呼籲互相呼應。他懇切地提揭出在醫療體制急待改善、消費主義風潮盛行的現實社會中，醫學的倫理教育的重要性與迫切性。從倫理教育的角度看來，醫療行為是事關病人之疾痛存亡的一種愛人助人的專業，醫療人員在研習精湛之專業醫術的同時，更要盡心培養一種對人的生命的深度關懷，以及對人所身受疾病痛苦的同情感動。

關鍵字

醫病關係 ； 角色倫理 ； 儒家倫理 ； 仁 ； 感通 ； 義利之辨 ； 利他主義

並列摘要

The doctor-patient relationship is an important issue that has been discussed for a long time in the field of medical ethics. The doctor-patient relationship is linked to different academic fields like psychology, sociology, jurisprudence, ethics and anthropology. The methodology of medical ethics is different from other disciplines in that it rationally applies moral critique and value judgment to the exploration of doctors’ (medical people’s) social responsibility toward patients (and their family) as well as the professional images and moral ideals the set for themselves.
Through the discussion about the ethical category of the doctor-patient relationship, the writer introduces and estimates the doctor’s multiple roles in this relationship, such as guardian, profession technician, consultant, teacher, friend, seller of medical service. The writer draws on the moral idealism and medical ethics of the traditional Confucian ethics of Jen to correspond with the altruist ethics that represents the medical professional ethics in the western modern medical society. The writer seriously points out the importance and urgency of the education of medical ethics in a society where medical system craves for improvement and consumerism prevails. From the perspective of medical education, medical practice is a loving and helping profession that cares about the patient’s life and death, pains and diseases. While studying outstanding professional medicine, the medical people should also cultivate their profound concern about human life as well as their compassion for human illness and suffering.

並列關鍵字

Doctor-patient Relationship ； Role Ethics ； Confucian Ethics ； Jen ； Resonating ； Distinction between Justice and Interest

參考文獻

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