“仁”與“兼愛”作為醫護倫理之內涵初探

The Initial Investigation of Ren and Love-Without-Distinction as the Implication of Medical Ethics

蕭宏恩(Hung-En Hsiao)

《哲學與文化》 32卷8期 (2005/08) Pp. 33-49

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.200508.0033

摘要

以「仁」為本的醫者內涵於實踐上的「差等之愛」，在醫護實務工作上是否有倫理上的缺憾存在？因為醫護人員直接面對人之生命的健全與生死關照，不但必要付出一番心血，且不當有親疏厚薄的對待差別。這情況似乎符合墨子所稱言之無差等的「兼愛」。只不過，、墨子倡言「兼愛」，強調的是「兼相愛，交相利」，其主旨在落實具體層面的實踐；著重在現實情境內的思辨與權衡利害。雖說這也正是專業倫理所著重的於具體實務情境內之倫理個案的解析與實踐，但「兼愛」本身之「愛」的內涵又作怎樣解釋？若解釋欠完善，則「兼相愛，交相利」只不過是表面上的做作而已！本文僅就「仁」與「兼愛」於醫護倫理在實踐上的對比中，企望尋得重建醫護倫理之內涵的途徑。

關鍵字

仁 ； 愛 ； 兼愛 ； 差等之愛 ； 醫護倫理

並列摘要

Whether the implication of medicine taking Confucius' Ren as a fundamental of love-WITH-distinction in practice has ethical defects or not, it is a theme worthy to be discussed. Since medical personnel face directly the health of human beings and the concern of death and life, it is not only necessary that they have to do their work hard but they should not have distinction between intimacy and remoteness or between munificence and parsimony. This demand seems to tally with Mocius' love-without-distinction theory; only Mocius' theory of this kind emphasizes ”to love each other distinctly and to benefit each other mutually”, practicing mainly on the concrete aspect of putting into effects. It stresses on speculations in practical situations and weighs the advantages and the disadvantages. That is exactly the point of professional ethics that analyzes and solves the ethical problems in profession practicing in concrete situation. But what is the implication of love in ”love-without-distinction” itself? Otherwise, to love each other distinctly and to benefit each other mutually becomes pretentiousness on the surface only! The paper this time is only to contrasting between Ren and love-without-distinction in practicing of medical ethics in order to find the way for reconstructing the implication of medical ethics.

並列關鍵字

Ren ； love ； love-without-distinction ； love-with-distinction ； medical ethics