由壓制到審美轉向：關於藝術與哲學關係的一個考察

From Suppression to the Aesthetic Turn: An Investigation to the Relationship between Philosophy and Art

劉昌元(Chang-Yuan Liu)

《哲學與文化》 32卷12期 (2005/12) Pp. 7-30

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.200512.0007

摘要

理性主義是西方哲學的主流。它強調理性對認知及道德的重要，包含本質主義、基礎主義及道德主義等成分。在理性主義的影響下，多數傳統西方哲學家都認為在認知及道德方面，藝術是無法與哲學相比的，因此，形成一種壓制藝術的傳統。但自從尼采以來，這種傳統本身也成為哲學批判的對象，形成當代西方哲學的審美轉向以及自我形象的轉變。所謂「審美轉向」指的不只是哲學壓制藝術的停止，而且也是哲學家已願意承認藝術在認知及道德方面也有特殊貢獻，哲學如果否定此貢獻，自己求真及求善之目的也達不到。此外，它也意味承認哲學本身也有藝術性。在這種背景下，本文也檢討了中國哲學與藝術的關係。最後，本文言及在審美轉向後，藝術與哲學應該保持怎樣一種關係才是合理的。

關鍵字

藝術 ； 哲學 ； 壓制 ； 審美轉向 ； 理性主義

並列摘要

Rationalism is the main trend of traditional Western philosophy. It emphasizes the importance of reason for knowledge and morality and its content includes essentialism, foundationalism and moralism. Under the influence of rationalism, art is considered as inferior to philosophy in its contribution to knowledge and morality. Thus a tradition of suppressing art is established. But since Nietzsche, this tradition is itself subject to criticism and the aesthetic turn of contemporary Western philosophy has gradually formed. With the aesthetic turn philosophy's self-image is also transformed. By ”aesthetic turn” Ⅰ mean not only the end of suppression, but also philosopher's willingness to admit that art has special contribution to knowledge and morality. Philosophy will not attain the goal of questing for truth and goodness, if it denies the special contribution of art. Besides, it also means that philosophy itself also has artistic quality. With this background knowledge, Ⅰ also discussed the relation between Chinese philosophy and art. In the conclusion, Ⅰ mentioned briefly what the relationship between philosophy and art should be after the aesthetic turn.

並列關鍵字

art ； philosophy ； suppression ； turn ； rational