士林哲學與人文主義

Scholasticism and Humanism

李政達(Vence Jen Ta Lee)

《哲學與文化》 33卷1期 (2006/01) Pp. 71-88

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.200601.0071

摘要

「人文主義」一詞就源頭而言乃指稱文藝復興以來，企圖返回希臘羅馬時期文化的思想之總稱謂。廣義上指以肯定人性價值為取向的一切學說。由於近代將哲學的範圖限制在人的理性能力之內，在啟蒙運動時期浪漫主義思想的推波助瀾之下，最終形成了一股反對形上學、反士林哲學甚至反宗教的浪潮而延續到了現在，而發展出偏重世俗文化的唯科學主義與崇尚自由的個人主義兩種傾向。然而人文主義者所強調的以人為中心重人類發展與自由尊嚴的價值，在士林哲學的理論中並不否定，甚至還加以肯定。因此本文的目的即是要指出人文主義者所以反形上學、反宗教乃是由於對士林哲學的不理解所致。士林哲學乃是一種真正的人文主義，在形上超越界的指引之下，比起傳統的人文主義更能妥善的彰顯出人性價值的所在。

關鍵字

人文主義 ； 人道主義 ； 人本主義 ； 士林哲學 ； 科學 ； 自由

並列摘要

The term ”humanism” can be traced back to the thoughts of the Greek and Roman periods. In the broad sense, it refers to all the doctrines that approve the values of humanity. In recent ages, the domain of philosophy has been limited to the rational capabilities of human beings. Boosted by the Romantic thoughts of the age of Enlightenment, a wave of anti-metaphysics, anti-scholasticism and anti-religion was finally formed and has been carried until this day, in which two orientations were developed: scientism that focused on secular culture and individualism that upheld liberty. Yet humanists' emphasis on the values centering on human beings and appreciating the development of mankind as long as their liberty and dignity is rather approved than denied by scholastic theories. Therefore, the goal of this article is to point out that humanists' anti-metaphysics and anti-religion are due to their misunderstandings about scholasticism, which is indeed true humanism and, guided by metaphysical transcendence, capable of illustrating more adequately the values of humanity.

並列關鍵字

Humanism ； Scholasticism ； Science ； Liberty