語言之“稱謂”與形上學

Metaphysics and Predication

高凌霞(Marian Kao)

《哲學與文化》 33卷6期 (2006/06) Pp. 45-65

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.200606.0045

摘要

人之知識是由心靈的接觸，使實在物直接呈現，或經過心靈的運作而呈現的圖像、與概念。概念形諸於內，而形諸於外乃語言，故語言、思想、與存在有某種關係。稱謂指以甲詞陳述乙詞，是思想的活動。既然如此，因表達的需要，語言稱謂有不同的層次。首先是為物命名，以一詞表達物之基本性質，此為殊化之歸一，如形上學之稱謂，是理智肯定萬物之共同基礎。理智陳述事物時，必須將存有的概念，逐步添加因素，此時稱謂活動是從一而分殊。本文旨在探討邏輯稱謂與形上學稱謂之關係，即說明稱謂與形上學。說明的方向有三：一、從稱謂概念之淵源而說明其意義；二、稱謂與科學知識之關係；三、稱謂與形上學之關係。

關鍵字

形上學 ； 稱謂 ； 邏輯 ； 科學知識 ； 普遍存有 ； 原因 ； 中詞 ； 對象 ； 存有 ； 存在者

並列摘要

Human knowledge begins with sense experience. The direct contact of the sense organ brings about mental activities which result in the formation of images or concepts. What is formed within the mind is expressed without the mind through language; hence there is a connection between, thought, language and being. Predication is the mental activity that uses one term to express the other. In predication, the mind has first to integrate all the different elements and make them into one concept. In predication however, activity is carried out in the opposite direction where the mind resolves the whole into parts. Consequently, there are different levels of predication. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relation between logical predication and metaphysical predication, and reflect on the relation between metaphysics and predication. It is divided into three parts: (1) the origin of the concept of predication and its meaning; (2) the relation between predication and scientific knowledge; (3) the relation between predication and metaphysics.

並列關鍵字

Metaphysics ； Predication ； Logic ； Scientific Knowledge ； Ens Commune ； Cause ； the Middle Term ； Object ； Esse ； Ens

參考文獻

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