中國哲學中的真理觀問題

The Question of the View of Truth in Chinese Philosophy

杜保瑞(Bau-Ruei Duh)

《哲學與文化》 34卷4期 (2007/04) Pp. 101-121

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.200704.0101

摘要

本文討論中國哲學的真理觀問題，據中國哲學特質中的實踐哲學性格及若干涉及它在世界的特殊知識的性格而展開討論。首先，就客觀性問題，指出三教理論系統在教內具有基本哲學問題內部義理結構互為推演上的理論一致性及觀念絕對性，但三教彼此之間卻因世界觀的差異及問題意識的不同而致生不同的理論型態，以致彼此互為主觀，因此必須視為相對性真理。其次，就適用性問題，指出三教義理本為解決不同問題，故而對三教真理觀的使用亦須對準適用範圍，否則後學者之實踐將極不準確，且會在不同學派問互相非議。第三，就檢證問題，指出實踐之、實現之從而能夠檢證之為真，但實踐而不能實現時卻不能即說為系統的否定，因為這仍涉及實踐者的能力問題。第四，就選擇問題，指出三教並無須統三歸一，或造新系統以涵攝眾家，主要即是生活需要上及理論技術上是無此必要且不易實現。真正重要的事情只在正確理解、準確詮釋、從而切實篤行、而創造理想的人生而已。本文之工作即在理解、適用與檢證、選擇四節上對中國哲學的真理性格做出討論，以為中國哲學方法論的一個重要環節的研究與討論。

關鍵字

真理觀 ； 哲學基本問題 ； 解釋架構 ； 方法論 ； 實現 ； 實踐 ； 檢證

並列摘要

This paper is to discuss the question of the view of truth in Chinese philosophy based on the aspects of Chinese philosophy as a practical philosophy and specific knowledge in the world. First, regarding objectivity, it's pointed out that the theoretical systems of the three religions (Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism) are theoretically consistent and ideally absolute in the respect of alternating deductions between the internal philosophical structures of the fundamental philosophical questions. But, due to the differences both in their worldviews and problem consciousness, each of the three religions leads to different type of theories that looks subjective to one another and therefore must be seen as relative truth. Second, in terms of applicability, it's pointed out that the philosophies of the three religions are originally meant to solve different problems and therefore the applications of their views of truth should be trained at the right target area. Third, about the question attesting, we point out that what can be practiced and realized will accordingly be attested to be true, while what can be practiced but not realized should not be simply regarded as something denied by the system, because the practitioner's ability must be factored in. Fourth, in terms of choices, it's pointed out that the three religions don't need to be united as one or made into a new system, mostly because such a unity or new system is neither necessary nor easily realized to the needs of life or theoretical techniques. What really matters is to understand correctly and to interpret precisely so as to solidly practice and create an ideal life. As a study and discussion of an important section of the methodology of Chinese philosophy, this paper is intended to talk about the nature of truth in Chinese philosophy by means of interpretation, application, verification, and choosing.

並列關鍵字

The View of Truth ； Fundamental Philosophical Questions ； Framework of Interpretation ； Methodology ； Realization ； Practice ； Attesting