過程哲學對易經的解讀：創造性原理

The Book of Changes Revisited from the Perspective of the Process Philosophy

陶秀璈(Xiu-Ao Tao)

《哲學與文化》 34卷7期 (2007/07) Pp. 103-114

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.200707.0103

摘要

易道的基本原理就是「生生不已」，即無終止的創造過程。周易中的創造者是太極和君子。太極創造了八卦，從而創造了永恆客體，同時也創造了現實存在體或現實事態。這些現實存在體或事態對於君子來說就是「象」。象是確定性和不確定性的統一。乾表達了動態原理，坤則表達了守恆原則，兩者的結合則創造萬物。君子的創造性首先在於設卦。設卦過程就是攝入過程。設外有兩種攝入，一是現實事態的攝入，又稱為物質攝入；二是概念攝入，即永恆客體（八卦）的攝入，通過設卦主體－攝入主體而把攝入材料結合為一現實事態，即某一卦象，從而產生出某種價值，即吉凶禍福。但這種價值是潛在的，必須通過設卦主體的再創造，即君子的道德努力才能實現或避免。因此，君子的創造性不僅在於設卦過程，還在於他的實踐創造。以上解讀表明：懷特海的過程哲學是容美價值的形而上學，其創造性原理是對審美價值的創造。易道形而上學是道德形而上學，其創造性原理是至善的創造，所謂至善，是道德與幸福的統一，因此，易道是對康德的道德與幸福的二律背反的現實解決。

關鍵字

歷程哲學 ； 懷德海 ； 易經 ； 創造性

並列摘要

The principle of Change is the endless process of creativity. The subjects in the Book of Change are tai chi and the gentlemen. The tai chi creates the eight kuas, and thus creates the eternal objects, as well as the actual entity or the actual occasion, which for the gentlemen are the hsiangs. The hsiangs are the unity of certainty and uncertainty. The kua of Qian signifies the principle of movement, while the kua of Kun the principle of conservation. The two aspects combine together and create all the things in the world.
The creativity of the gentlemen is firstly to set the kua. The process of setting a kua is also the process of prehension. There are two kinds of prehension: one is the prehension of the real occasion, or the physical prehension; the other is the prehension of the eight kuas, or the conceptual prehension. By setting a kua, the hsiang of a kua is to be produced, which symbolizes a kind of value, i.e. good or evil, fortune or misfortune, but which is only the potential value, and won't become the fact without a gentleman's moral efforts. And therefore, the creativity of the gentlemen lies not only on the process of setting a kua, but also his practice.
The above understanding of change also proves that Whitehead's process philosophy is a kind of metaphysics with an aesthetic value, and its principle of creativity is the creation of the aesthetic value. The metaphysics of change is also the metaphysics of the moral value, the principle of which is the creation of the ultimate goodness, which means the unity of morality and happiness. In this sense, the principle of change is the real settlement of the Kant's antinomy of morality and happiness.

並列關鍵字

The Book of Changes ； Whitehead, A.N. ； Process Philosophy