沙特存在主義之政治實踐

Jean-Paul Sartre（沙特）是法國當代相當重要的哲學家，他的存在主義是法國重要人文思潮之一，他同時也是一位才華洋溢的文學家，在文學創造領域有許多重要著作。但他更是一位熱情澎湃的政治參與者，充分發揮法國文人參與政治、改造人心的的傳統。本文將呈現沙特在政治領域的輝煌事業，首先本文將概略陳述沙特的政治活動介入理念，分析其內涵；繼而呈現沙特在法國的政治活動軌跡，具體說明沙特在諸多政治事件中所採取的立場以及其行動之意涵；最後本文第三部分則將特別針對沙特與中國的關係進行分析，一方面概略說明沙特對早期中國大陸的看法，另一方面也呈現出他在中國大陸的文學、哲學、政治等不同面向上所造成的影響。雖然法國學界對於沙特的政治參與有不同的正負面評價，但沙特仍不失為二十世紀法國偉大文人之一。另一方面，儘管沙特在文學與哲學面向上曾經相當吸引中國大陸學界，但在政治層面上則並沒有對中國大陸之政治發展留下明顯的影響。

關鍵字

沙特；政治參與；法國；中國；政治哲學

並列摘要

Jean-Paul Sartre was a very important philosopher in modern France, whose existentialism is one of the major schools of humanistic thoughts in France. He was also a talented writer, creating many important works in the field of literature. But in the meantime, he was an enthusiastic participant in politics, who brought fully into play the French tradition of writers participating in politics and reforming people's minds. This paper is to present Sartre's glorious career in the field of politics. First of all, this paper is to roughly introduce Sartre's ideas about participation in political activities and analyze it's meaning. Then we will show Sartre's tracks in the political activities in France, explaining specifically the positions he took in many political events and the implications of his actions. Finally, the third part of this paper is to analyze particularly Sartre's relationships with China. One the one hand, we will outline Sartre's views about early mainland China; on the other hand, we will also introduce the impact he made on Chinese literature, philosophy and politics. Although the academic circle of France have both positive and negative judgments on Sartre's participation in politics, nonetheless, he was still one of the greatest litterateurs of the 20th century France. On the other hand, even though Sartre had much appeal for the academic circle of China in literature and philosophy, regarding politics, he didn't make any obvious influence on the development of Chinese politics.