禪門師徒對話的生命教育意涵－“迷時師度，悟時自度”

對於禪宗哲學諮商(philosophical counseling)1的探討，筆者曾以禪宗六祖惠能對弟子在生死議題的哲學諮商，以及所使用的哲學諮商方法2撰文討論，相關內容可酌參拙文3。而本文則是試著從禪門師徒對話所蘊涵之生命教育思維，聚焦探討在哲學諮商歷程中，諮商是一種以語言溝通為主的助人活動。諮商師(counselor)與案主(client)兩者的互動關係,對話(dialogue)為其基本要素之一。助人者與被助者、諮商者與被諮商者，在禪門中藉由對話禪師如何幫助僧徒體認自己的生命，檢視省思不利於己之處，擴大其視野與認知，進而解憂日常生活之苦與修行之迷惑，僧徒在對話過程中如何受益，禪師如何協助僧徒覺察其當下之困境，使僧徒達至身心平衡與安頓。本文除前言與結語之外，共分為四個部分進行：壹、修行僧徒與禪師：透過禪門僧徒與禪師間的關係，探討禪宗哲學諮商之案主與哲學諮商師的關係；貳、迷時：旨在探討僧徒的生命困境與修行疑惑；參、師度：禪宗哲學諮商中，禪師與僧徒之間的對話，禪宗哲學諮商採用的教育方法與技巧；肆、悟時自度：哲學諮商的最高境地，乃在成為自己的哲學諮商師，由利他助他，使其終能自助。禪師培養僧徒本身的自主性，使僧徒能自給自足。

關鍵字

禪宗；哲學諮商；對話；生命教育

並列摘要

An article written by the author discussed philosophical counseling in Chan Buddhism from the conversation record between the Sixth Chan Master Hui-Neng and his disciples. This article aims to explore the underline life education perspectives from the approach of Chan Buddhism and its special way of teaching. In contemporary Counseling, the dialogue between Counselor and Client consists of the basic element of counseling. The helper and helped, the counselor and counselee (client) are just like Chan masters and their disciples. Through the dialogue which is basic process of questions and answers, the disciple may clear his confusion and broaden the vision and transcend to another state of insight. The master may also take the opportunities to understand the change of psychological state of a disciple and help him find the balance of physical and psychology from this communication. This article includes four parts: First, the relationship between the Master and the disciple; Second, confusion state; Third, Master's bridging and teaching; Four, the enlightened disciple may bridge himself to cross the water of life and death.