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摘要


道德相對主義是一種關於道德判斷和道德認知相對性的觀點和立場,文化相對主義和規範相對主義是兩種主要的表現形態。不論是哪種形態的道德相對主義,都認為道德規範的有效性是相對的,道德判斷的有效性和道德認知的真理性是相對於不同的文化,甚至是相對於不同個人的,因而沒有真正的道德真理。道德相對主義的合理性在於意識到了道德規範的相對有效性,但沒有意識到道德除了相對性的一面外,還有基於共同人性和人類共同生活需要而具有的普遍有效的一面。

並列摘要


Moral relativism is the view and standpoint which holds that all of moral judgments and moral cognitions are relative. There are tow kind of relativism in moral theory: cultural one and normal one, and both take such standpoint that the effect of moral judgment and moral knowledge are relative, and the effect of moral judgment and the truth of moral knowledge dependent on different cultures and even the subjects of different individuals so that there is no real moral truth. The rationality of moral relativism lies in the fact morality in some sense is relative, but the wrong of the viewpoint is that by way that it denies the universality of morality based on common nature of human being and common life.

參考文獻


E. A. 霍貝爾(1993)。初民的法律。北京:中國社會科學出版社。
古希臘亞里斯多德(1990)。尼各馬科倫理學。北京:中國社會科學出版社。
本尼迪克特(1987)。文化模式。北京:華夏出版社。
撒母耳•亨廷頓(1999)。文明的衝突與世界秩序的重建。北京:新華出版社。
利昂•龐帕編譯(1997)。維柯著作選。北京:商務印書館。

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