君子養心莫善於誠：荀子誠論的精神修持意蘊

本文嘗試透過一種精神修持的視角考察荀子的誠論思想。在戰國時代的心術思潮中，荀子的「治氣養心之術」代表了一種典型的儒家的心術理論。本文指出，作為一種精神修持（心靈修養）的方式，荀子的誠以道德修養為其理想和目的。並且，在其自然主義人性論背景之下，誠的思想在荀子整個道德修養學說中具有一種特別的理論意義。本文特別指出，以誠養心的修持過程也正是心逐漸理性化、精神化，進而最終轉化為道德理性主體的過程。最後，對誠的實踐的分析表明，荀子的誠主要表現為行為主體在內在的心志上專一於對道德理性的信守和貫徹，從而為以心治性的道德修養實踐提供了主體基礎。

關鍵字

荀子；誠；精神修持；養心；養德；一

並列摘要

This thesis attempts to study the theory of Cheng of Xunzi from a perspective of spiritual exercises. In the Warring States period, the theory of ”arts of governing Qi & cultivating mind” of Xunzi was a typical representative of Confucian spiritual exercises. As a way of spiritual exercises (mind cultivation), Cheng takes moral cultivation as its ideal and aim. In addition, in the context of the theory of naturalism human nature, the idea of Cheng has a special theoretical significance in the theory of moral cultivation. Especially, this paper pointed out that ”Cultivating Mind with Cheng” make it possible for mind to translate itself into pure moral rationality eventually through this spiritual exercises process. Finally, the analysis of the practical process of Cheng shows that Cheng can enable one to concentrate his attentions in the mind on the cultivation of moral rationality, and this can provide the subject basis for the moral self-cultivation practice of ”governing nature with mind”.