A More Philosophical Model of Counseling

一個更哲學性的諮商模型

Young E. Rhee

《哲學與文化》 37卷1期 (2010/01) Pp. 35-48

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.201001.0035

摘要

儘管二十世紀的科學與科技高度發展，人類依然受許多精神問題和疾病所苦。我們正面臨物質豐富但精神貧乏的矛盾，以及物質豐富又同時物質貧乏的矛盾。此外，哲學諮商涵蓋許多學科和方法。哲學諮商類型的多元性可能是一種徵兆，透露出孔恩所謂學術上的不成熟。哲學諮商並未到達一般科學的水準，後者不但具有典範，也以有效率的方式解決問題。
為了脫離這種情況，我們必須確立哲學諮商的定位，並闡明哲學諮商的主要方法學，這些方法最後可以達到哲學諮商的目的。本文的目的在於提出一種方法，建構出更哲學性的諮商模型。筆者將提出心靈體現的理論，作為哲學諮商的妥適學說。其次，筆者將把心靈疾病界定為哲學諮商的主要對象。第三，筆者將建議一種診斷的判準和方法，讓哲學諮商的模型更哲學性。

關鍵字

哲學諮商 ； 心靈疾病 ； 心靈體現 ； 診斷的判準 ； 精神異常診斷與統計手冊 ； 笛卡兒的二元論 ； 世界衛生組織 ； 健康的定義 ； 哲學疾病

並列摘要

Though science and technology had made some remarkable developments in the twentieth century, we are still suffering from a lot of mental problems and diseases. We are facing not only the paradox of material poverty in the midst of material plenty, but also the paradox of mental poverty in the midst of material plenty. Furthermore, there are many disciplines of counseling which have their own methods of counseling. As for philosophical counseling, the plurality of principles and methods of counseling may be thought of as a sign for the academic immaturity in the Kuhnian sense. That is, philosophical counseling does not reach to a normal science which has a definite paradigm and does not engage in problem-solving activities in an efficient way.
In order to escape from this unfavorable situation, first of all, we have to establish the identity of philosophical counseling and to elucidate its main methodologies which can lead to achieve the genuine aim of philosophical counseling. The purpose of the paper is to suggest a way of constructing a more philosophical model of counseling. I shall suggest the theory of embodied mind as the best candidate theory for philosophical counseling. Second, I shall define the disease of mind as the main object of philosophical counseling. Third, I shall suggest the criteria of diagnosis and method which can make any philosophical counseling more philosophical.

並列關鍵字

Philosophical Counseling ； Disease of Mind ； Embodied Mind ； Criterion of Diagnosis ； DSM-IV ； Cartesian Dualism ； WHO's Definition of Health ； Philosophical Disease ； PEACE Model