阮籍、嵇康生死意識的底蘊與轉折

The Inside Information and Transition of Ruan Ji and Ji Kan's Consciousness of Life and Death

李玲珠(Ling-Chu Lee)

《哲學與文化》 37卷6期 (2010/06) Pp. 41-59

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.201006.0041

摘要

死亡是人類焦慮、恐懼的主要來源，也是最難超克的課題；死亡的無法預測，又形成生命本質的茫然。魏晉時期是戰亂頻繁、生命危淺的年代，竹林時期處於曹魏政權過渡至司馬政權的過程，假名教之名進行合理的殺戮又更甚其他年代，朝不保夕的生存困境直接引發知識份子對死亡課題的思索，並冀提出生死超克的方法。阮籍、嵇康作為竹林名士的代表，對生死課題確實都有深刻的思維，也勾勒過超克生死的理型典範，以作為實踐的終極目標。然而，當檢視二人的論述與實際言行時，其間卻充滿理想與現實的扞格；阮籍的抑鬱以終，嵇康的棄於東市，點明了二人的戮力徹底失敗。但阮、嵇生死超克的失敗卻可能牽動元康玄學郭象迹冥圓融的生死思維、或西晉縱欲的超克模式；二人的任情與自我完成，卻成為另一種超脫生死的典範。

關鍵字

生死意識 ； 死亡觀 ； 阮籍 ； 嵇康 ； 竹林玄學

並列摘要

Death is the main source of anxiety and fear to human beings, and it's also the hardest issue to conquer. Death is so unpredictable that it makes the helplessness of life. Wei and Jin dynasties were a time of frequent warfare and human life was cheap. The time of Zhu Lin (Bamboo Grove) was during the period between Cao and Wei regime and Si Ma regime. Many massacres by titular scholasticism were more than other dynasty. Intellectuals were prompted by the struggle of survival to undertake an exploration into the issue of death and proposed the methods to conquer the issue of life and death. Ruan Ji and Ji Kan are the symbol of Zhu Lin intellectual and they have profound viewpoint about the issue of life and death indeed. Moreover, they also sketched the ideal model of conquering life and death issue to be an ultimate goal of practice. However, comparing the theories and behaviors of Ruan Ji and Ji Kan is full of conflicts of ideal and reality. Ruan Ji died of depression and Ji Kan was abandoned to an execution ground. The result pointed that their efforts were totally failed, but the failure of Ruan Ji and Ji Kan theory of conquering life and death may affected the thought of life and death to Yuan-Kang's metaphysic, Guo Xiang's ”ji ming and yuan rong” or the conquering model of indulging in sensual pleasures in Western Jin Dynasty. Their unrestrained emotion and self-accomplishment, however, are to be another model of conquering life and death.

並列關鍵字

Consciousness of Life and Death ； View on Death ； Ruan Ji ； Ji Kan ； Metaphysics of the Bamboo Grove

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