休閒與自由：在科技產品與多元他者網絡中的論述

本文首先從對比哲學的觀點，指陳人的存在既是自由的又是相關的：人的自由是在關係中的自由，人的關係是在自由中的關係。然而，今天人是在日新月異的科技和全球化所形塑的科技產品和多元他者網絡之中發展其自由與關係。對我而言，若無自由便無休閒可言，即便是浮生半日、慵懶無事，若心中無自由，也不能得到悠閒。本文試圖分析工作與休閒的關係，超越古代希臘社會與近代紀律社會所假定的工作與休閒的二元對立，並探問一個更為平衡的觀點，用以重新界定人性。我將自由、安逸、創造與悅樂四者視為是休閒中的存在狀態。據此，我們將討論今日那些由於抑制自由的商業化與機械化歷程所帶來的休閒生活的危機。本文將重新詮釋道家進技於道的藝術精神與自由觀，藉著道家哲學的一些想法，啟發今天的人類，如何在動態關係的存有論之中思考並探詢自由，並透過生命實踐的藝術，實現自由的人生。

關鍵字

自由；休閒；工作；科技；多元他者；網絡；生命實踐

並列摘要

From my philosophy of contrast, I understand human being today as both free and related, in the networks of multiple others and technical objects developed by science/technology and the process of globalization. For me, without freedom there is no leisure. By the mediation of technical objects today, human desire tends to develop in various networks of multiple others in order to gain its own freedom. This paper will analyse the relation between work and leisure, attempting to go beyond the presupposed dichotomy of work/leisure in both modern ”disciplined society” and ancient Greek society, and to look for a more balanced view of their relation in redefining the nature of human being. This understanding will allow us to proceed to characterize the state of being in leisure as freedom, being-at-ease, creativity and joyfulness. An attempt will be made to characterize the crisis of today's leisure life in reference to its commercialization and mechanicalization. Also, we will try to obtain some inspirations from Daoist philosophy as to the idea of freedom in the dynamic ontology of relationship with the Daoist art of life-praxis.