- 期刊
以意義與價值為內容的哲學諮商
Philosophical Counseling with Meaning and Value as Its Content
摘要
哲學從其本義而言是擁有行動之義，在哲學的行動理論中，行動水遠是實踐理論的具體方法，哲學活動包含：檢視、分析、綜合、思辨、規範及評鑑。不斷的進行哲學的這六項活動（檢視、分析、綜合、思辨、規範及評鑑）其實就是哲學的行動，哲學家相信這六項行動可以應用於一切學科之上。從上所言，哲學行動的目的在求改變，改變的目的在獲致善，善乃是存有特徵，因此，哲學的行動乃在回歸自我，也就是在實踐中回歸自我。行動的實踐覺察就是如使自己或他人能在哲學行動的理論中找到其意義與價值。而人文療癒的核心內容應該就在哲學諮商對意義與價值的重構。哲學諮商自一九八○年發展以來，一直秉持着上述的目標而發展出了一些基本原則：一、哲學諮商主張沒有所謂「病人」的觀念；二、哲學諮商以價值引領為其基本的諮商原則，三、哲學的對談以互為主體的關係為其不變的原則。本文擬以上述的三項原則：沒有病人、價值引領及互為主體的關係做闡述的內容。哲學諮商的核心精神和哲學實踐的作法從希臘時代或中國的春秋時代就已有了，祇是方法上的不斷改進，本文所提出的這些基本觀點，透過不把人當病人、用哲學的思想內容、思考方法助人澄清價值，進而追求更高、更美好的價值，並且是以某種互為主體的方式加以進行，或許就是在面對人文歷史與社會變遷中的一種實踐助人方式。
並列摘要
Action is part of the original meaning of philosophy; in the theory of action in philosophy, action is always the concrete method to practice the theory, as the activities of philosophy consist of examination, analysis, generalization, speculation, regulation and evaluation. The incessant engagement in these six activities is in fact the action of philosophy, and philosophers believe these six actions can be applied to all academic subjects. Thus, we can see that the goal of philosophy is change, and the goal of change is to acquire the supreme good while good is a feature of being. Therefore, action is about returning to one's self namely, returning to one's self in practice. The practical perception of action is making oneself or others find the meaning and value of action in the theory of philosophical action, while the central content of humanities therapy is supposed to be the reconstruction of meaning and value by philosophical counseling. Ever since its emergence in 1980, philosophical counseling has always stuck to the above goals and developed a few fundamental principles: first, there is no such a concept as ”patient;” second, the basic principle of philosophical counseling is value guide; third, the unchanging principle of philosophical interviews is the inter-subjective relationship. This paper is meant to explicate the aforementioned three principles: no patients, value guide and inter-subjective relationships. The central spirit of philosophical counseling and the method of philosophical practice can be traced to the days of ancient Greece and the Period of Spring and Autumn of China, only they have been constantly improved in methodology. Through treating people not as patients, helping people clarify values through philosophical thought and philosophical thinking, furthermore, pursuing higher and better values and doing it in some kind of inter-subjective manner, the basic views proposed in this paper are perhaps a way to offer practical help to people in the face of the changes in humanistic history and society.