新自然法學理論的開展與聖多瑪斯亞奎納

在法學領域中，1960年代之後，自然法隨著國際法發展，以及各國憲法中人權與正義的立法實證化後，又再度被法學宣告死亡。但誠如H. Rommen所說自然法的永劫回歸，在1980年代之後，John Finnis根據Germain Grisez的理論，而與Joseph Boyle所發展起來的新自然法學理論(New Natural law legal theory/Jurisprudence)成為在法學理論的市場中，得以跟主流的實證法學理論對話與抗衡的一支不可忽視力量。本文希望透過瀏覽自然法學理論的歷史發展，理解新自然法學理論的內容，特別注重在其與傳統自然法理論的異同，以及其回歸聖多瑪斯的努力與成果，同時期望在這樣的理解與比較之後，尋找出一條可以與現代法學理論接軌的路徑。

關鍵字

自然法；新自然法學理論；基本善；共同善；實質客觀價值；法律與道德

並列摘要

In the field of legal theory or Jurisprudence, since 60', companying the development of International treaty and establishment of nations' Constitution, the human rights and the notion of Justice have become parts of the positive laws. Probablely due to that, Natural Law was declared death once again. However, just as H. Rommen noted ”Die ewige Wiederkehr (the eternal return) of natural law”, in 80', based on Germain Grisez's theory, so called ”New Natural Law theory” was constituted by John Finnis and by his famous book,” Natural law and natural rights.” The new natural law legal theory has become an new theory to eliminate the disadvantage of legal positivism that used to be mainstream of Jurisprudence after Enlightenment.The article begins with an overview of development of Natural law theory, therefore finds out the content of New Natural theory and its meaning to Jurisprudence. The focus of this article is especially on the connection of new natural law theory with St. Thomas Aquinas and the comparison of it with old traditional natural law theory. In the other way, the author wish to establish a new approach not only to have a dialogue between Natural law theory and legal positivism within legal theory, but also regard legal system as an adjustment platform of entire society and exercise its social function as well as possible.