現代哲人牟宗三、羅光與唐君毅對於宗教性的詮解－天人合一的現代辯證詮釋

傳統的宗教信仰面對現代理性思考與科學技術的衝擊，靈性或超越性的追求並不就此銷聲匿跡。社會的理性化解除了神話的魔咒並不代表人們不再渴慕靈魂深處的觸動與滿足。現代文明與傳統文化雖然有表現方式的改變，但人性本身仍然存在著深層的精神需求或超越性的嚮往。面對當代宗教哲學思想與宗教理論研究的長足進展，傳統本土性宗教的現代理論開拓工作的確面臨了一個充滿挑戰與孕育諸多可能性的嶄新局面。本文作者就學院中的宗教哲學義理研究，特別針對儒教與新進的基督宗教作為討論範圍。作者縷列了三個具有代表性的現代哲學學者的宗教觀點加以評介：當代新儒家牟宗三教授的人本主義的道德宗教，屬於一種心學化的人文儒教；天主教羅光總主教的神本主義，屬於一種融合生命哲學的基督宗教；當代新儒家唐君毅教授的圓融人文主義，屬於回歸天人合一的儒教。作者隱然嘗試將以上三種宗教性的詮解安置於一個天人合一之義理框架的現代詮釋辯證發展當中。

關鍵字

天人合一；儒教；基督宗教；無限智心；愛的圓融；超越的感通

並列摘要

While traditional religious faith is impacted by modern rational thinking and scientific technology, people nonetheless pursue spirituality or transcendence. The fact that mythology is disenchanted by the rationalization of the society does not mean people no more aspire to be touched and satisfied deep within their souls. Though modern culture is different from traditional culture in the way of expression, there is still profound spiritual need or transcendental aspiration within human nature or human culture itself. In face of the great progresses made by contemporary religious philosophy and modern religious theories, the pioneering of the modern theories of traditional local religions is indeed confronted with a brand new situation full of challenges and possibilities. In view of the research on the doctrines of religious philosophy in the academic circle, the writer studies particularly Confucianism and Christianity, Here, we list and comment on the religious views of three representative scholars of modern philosophy. The humanist moral religion of the New-Confucian, Zong-san Mo, is a humanist Confucianism informed by the doctrine of mind; Archbishop Kuang Lo's theism is a Christianity fused philosophy of life; and the complete humanism of Professor Chun-yi Tang, a contemporary New-Confucian, is a Confucianism that returns to the unity of heaven and man. The writer implicitly tries to fit the three religious interpretations appropriately into the doctrinal framework of the modern dialectical interpretations about the unity of heaven and man.