孤獨與他人－以人為核心所開展的內在性與超越性

傳統西方哲學對立於現象世界的真理，雖然被賦予了永恆的保證並因而成為人類永恆的價值，但只對理性有效的真理型態，卻也同時否定了人的感性與生存的真實。如此無法對生存作出肯定的真理型態，也將無法落實為生存中的真善美；對於真理超越型態的反思，因而是關懷人的哲學家所無法逃避的問題。在上述的基礎上，我們開展了對西方傳統哲學中理性與感性、超越性與內在性對立的反思。本著新柏拉圖主義的觀點，我們認為內在性與超越性的關係不再是對立，而是使我們朝向真理之途的基礎，這意謂著以人為主的超越並不對立內在性，而是以內在性為實現超越之所以可能的前提。我們嘗試在齊克果以及萊維納斯的思想中尋找更多足以支持內在性作為超越性基礎的線索，不僅為了化解內在性與超越性的對立，更希望藉著我們的挖掘，還原思想的本原為內在性這一事實。

關鍵字

超越性；內在性；新柏拉圖主義；齊克果；萊維納斯

並列摘要

Truth. which is opposite against the phenomenal world in the traditional western philosophy, is permanently guaranteed and it thus becomes the eternal value of human. However, this mode of truth is effective only to the reason, but negates sensibility and existence. It then fails both to affirm the reality of existence and to actualize the reality, goodness, and beauty of existence. Thus, the reflection of the transcendental truth is the main issue that philosophers can hardly escape.Based on the above mentioned discussion, we reveal the reflection on the dichotomy between reason and sensation, transcendence and immanence in the western philosophy. From the perspective of Neo-Platonism, we contend that the relation between immanence and transcendence is no longer opposite to each other, but it provides us a foundation to the truth. This suggests that the transcendence evoked from the core of human is not opposite to immanence, but that immanence is the basis of transcendence. I would attempt to delve and discover more evidences to substantiate the idea that the transcendence is actually founded on immanence from the thoughts of Kierkegaard and Levinas. This would not only solve the opposition between immanence and transcendence, but also reduce the fact that the origin of thought is derived from the immanence.